History 2025, February

The Ipatiev House was the most famous building in Yekaterinburg. In July 1918, in its basement, the Bolsheviks shot Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family. From that moment on, the Romanov dynasty ceased to exist. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The world's first railway was built centuries ago. It all started with wooden rails, along which horses pulled carts. Today, the railway is a modern transport that continues to be modified and improved. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Life and tragic death forever bound the family of the last Russian emperor and a very whole and faithful, as if carved from one block, such a person as Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Khanpasha Nuradilov: a detailed biography of the Hero of the Soviet Union, all the exploits and interesting facts are described. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The heavy cruiser "Stalingrad" belongs to the type of ships of the USSR Navy, the construction of which was initiated personally by V. I. Stalin. Their basis was the ship "Lützow", bought in Germany shortly before the Second World War. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The reforms carried out in Russia by Peter I, condemning the attitude of Catherine II to the cruelties of serfdom, did not, in fact, change the standard of living and the position of the peasantry in the 18th century. 90% of the country's population experienced an increase in feudal oppression, increased poverty, and complete lack of rights. Peasant life, subordinated to the order of work on the ground, was rational, poor, preserved the roots and traditions of their ancestors. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Henry 3 Valois - the great commander, king of France, frequenter of magnificent balls, connoisseur of religion, talented diplomat and, finally, the last of the Valois family. Let's find out what was the life path of this man. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about a prominent political and public figure of the late XIX and early XX centuries. Prince Sergei Dmitrievich Urusov, who was a deputy of the first State Duma of Russia and later became an employee of a number of Soviet organizations. A brief overview of the main stages of his life is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

A little less than 35 years ago, one of the most famous Russian monument restorers, the architect Baranovsky, passed away. At one time he lived in a tiny apartment, located in the Novodevichy Convent, in hospital wards. And this more than modest dwelling for several decades was the headquarters where the salvation of Russian culture was organized. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of world engineering and architectural thought cannot be imagined without the name of Aristotle Fioravanti. And for Russia, this person is an architect of special significance, because he formed the ensemble of the main state complex and built the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the first Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia - St. Job, for his service to God and the Church canonized as Orthodox saints. A brief outline of his life and work is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Heinrich Enrique the Navigator only three times went to sea for short distances in his life, but nevertheless he is the most prominent representative of the discoverers. It was he who brought unprecedented glory and enormous we alth to Portugal, which forced all European rulers to reckon with the opinion of this country. Today we will tell you about this most amazing person, who is undeservedly rarely mentioned in the context of marine discoveries. So, get acquainted - Henry the Navigator. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The expression "reserved years". How can it be understood by modern native speakers? Let's turn to the distant past. 16th century, the era of the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

After the death of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Ukraine experienced one of the most tragic periods in its history, when hostilities were fought throughout its territory, and the armed forces and the political elite were split into several camps. The ruin was born, both as a result of objective processes, and to a greater extent due to the short-sighted policy of most of the Cossack elders, unable to choose a leader worthy of the spirit of the deceased Bohdan Khmelnitsky. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Maria Temryukovna was the second wife of Ivan the Terrible, and her reign fell on one of the darkest periods in Russian history. There are many white spots in her biography, which makes acquaintance with the life of this person only more exciting. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

All the rulers in Russia were personalities with a capital letter. Each of them stood out with special qualities. Some have left a special mark in history. Such was the personality of the son of Vasily 3 (III) and Elena Glinskaya - John. Why was Ivan 4 nicknamed the Terrible? In this article we will talk about the person of the king, who was considered the greatest despot in Russia. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Pasta - tubular products made from durum wheat flour, completely dried dough. Other similar products, such as spaghetti or noodles, are also produced in the same way. Now absolutely everyone knows about these widespread ingredients. And what was in antiquity, before a variety of culinary masterpieces and intricate dishes appeared? Who really invented pasta and in what country?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Germans started the war with the USSR, when the Wehrmacht was not yet armed with a medium-heavy tank "Panther". The production of this combat vehicle was deployed in Germany only by the end of 1941. The Panther tank was produced in a mass series, at the Krupp factories in 1942-43. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Alexis de Tocqueville is the author of two fundamental political science books: Democracies in America and The Old Order and Revolution. These works greatly influenced the humanities of the 19th century. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Crimean campaigns were undertaken by Queen Sophia and Prince Golitsyn in order to help European allies in the fight against the Ottoman Empire. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the early 90s, Chris Farley was one of the most famous comedians in Hollywood. The fame of the film actor extended far beyond America, and his fan club consisted of more than one million fans. Alas, today his name is remembered less and less, and the younger generation does not know anything about him at all. Well, let's try to understand why this happened. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Knightly virtues, except for novels, were glorified in songs performed by knight-poets. In France they were called troubadours (in the south) and trouvères (in the north), and in Germany they were called minnesingers. This softened the rough manners that existed in that era among the aristocracy. The works of many medieval poets are known: Chrétien de Troy, Bertrand de Born, W alter von der Vogelweide, etc. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In 1862, compiling a list of 120 most prominent figures of Russian history to be depicted on a monument dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of Russia, Alexander II included V.P. Kochubey among them. This was absolutely fair, taking into account the contribution that the latter made to public administration. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Livonian War (1558-1583) is the most important event for the northern lands of Russia, and the defense of Pskov is the most important for military history. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Despite the fact that he failed to complete the voyage, Ferdinand Magellan went down in history as one of the legendary sailors. The Victoria became the first ship to circumnavigate the globe. During the voyage, new trade routes were mapped, the Pacific Ocean was discovered and crossed, and the actual size of the Earth was clarified. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The main role played by queens throughout history has been to produce he althy heirs to ensure the continuation of the dynasty. Nevertheless, there were empresses who could not fulfill their main female destiny - to become a mother. One of them is Marie Louise d'Orléans, the beautiful and elegant niece of Louis XIV of France. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

According to historical data, for the first time "Greek fire" was used in 673 during the defense of Constantinople from the siege of the Arabs. Then a secret engineering invention, the exact composition and properties of which are disputed in our time, saved the Byzantine capital. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Sparta was distinguished, on the one hand, by the desire to push other Greek policies around, and on the other, by the policy of extreme self-isolation. She unceremoniously interfered in the affairs of other city-states, wanting to establish her hegemony. Military power and internal stability were combined in it with cultural and economic backwardness. All this was connected with the reforms of Lycurgus, who is considered the founder of Spartan statehood. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Battle of Gaugamela took place in 331 BC. e. These were the last hostilities between the armies of King Darius III of Persia and Alexander the Great. The battle took place with a significant superiority of the Persians. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Margarita of Navarre is one of the famous women of the 16th century. Her life story is complex, full of tragic events and exciting adventures. For her mind and beauty, her contemporaries called her the "pearl" of France. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of the Persian state begins in 646 BC, when Cyrus I, a descendant of the leaders, became the ruler of the Persians. Under him, the first capital, the city of Pasargada, was founded. During the reign of Cyrus I, the Persians significantly expanded the territories under their control, including taking over most of the Iranian plateau. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Elizabeth the First became the last Queen of England from the Tudor dynasty. During her reign, the golden age of England fell. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The word "myrrh" has a double meaning: on the one hand, this is the name of the resin, which is one of the components of the sacred fragrant incense during religious rites. But there is an even more ancient meaning. Many people know that Smyrna is an ancient Ionian city located in Turkey and has the modern name Izmir. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The greatness of the Ancient Roman state in the III century was thoroughly shaken. The main reasons for the crisis of the Roman Empire were based on constantly changing internal politics and greedy emperors. During the III century, the country was headed by 15 rulers, and almost all of them were killed during coups. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The first society in the history of mankind is considered to be primitive, or pre-state. It has replaced the great apes. What was different about the new organization? What are the characteristics of a primitive society? Does it have the prerequisites of the state? We will try to answer. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Dragon, or Dragon, is an Athenian legislator whose extremely harsh laws contributed to the emergence of such a popular expression as "draconian measures", which refers to excessively severe punishments that contribute to some extent to strengthening the state by more clearly formulating it basic legal principles. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The course of history is always a careful study of the structure of society in the Middle Ages. At the same time, special attention is paid to the concept of "feudal rent", denoting such a surplus product, which was typical for peasants who were considered dependent on some feudal lord. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Ptolemaic dynasty (/ˌtɒlɪmeɪɪk/; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), sometimes also known as the Lagids (/lædʒɪdz/) or Lagidae (/lædʒɪdi/; Λαγίδαι, Lagidai), was Ptolemeus, father of Ptoleme a royal dynasty of Greco-Macedonian origin that ruled the Ptolemaic kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their reign lasted 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Few people know about the Sassanid state, but it was a powerful empire. It was located on the territory of modern Iran and Iraq. The Sassanid Empire, its formation, dynasty and possessions will be discussed in this article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Osman II, whose years of life 1604 -1622, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, he ruled from 1618 to 1622. Osman fought with Poland and lost the battle of Khotyn, although he retained control of Moldavia. Under him, the Khotyn Peace Treaty was signed. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01