The most complete description of the types of analysis is given within the framework of the scientific economic approach, although this term is actively used in a number of other disciplines. Indeed, both physicians and biologists, and those whose duties at work include the study of a practical issue with the identification of its inherent quantitative indicators, have to form analytics and systematize data from time to time. And yet, the types of data analysis presented in economics are of the greatest interest, so it is with them that we can begin to consider the issue.
What is it about?
From the point of view of economics as a science, analysis can be classified according to a number of features that also apply to banking entrepreneurship. The most characteristic division of categories is based on the periodicity of activities for the collection of statistical data. There are economic types of enterprise analyzes:
- every day;
- monthly;
- once a quarter;
- once a year.
Depending on the object considered in the framework of the study in the economy, they speak of the following types of analytical activities:
- full (attention is paid to all aspects of the company, internal andexternal);
- thematic (strictly limited issues are studied, promising directions for improving production activity are determined).
Group division: subject in focus
Depending on who acts as a subject in the course of analytical activity, research activity can be divided into several categories with a number of specific aspects inherent in each of them. Organizations consider users to be subjects of analysis. It is customary to talk about categories:
- internal analysis (intended for internal use);
- external analysis.
In the first case, the data generated by the results of the study are classified as secret. As a rule, it is a trade secret. The appearance of information analysis in the economy is one that is initiated by external forces. The customer may be a group of shareholders or a state authority that has the right to do so. The results of research activities are published and sent to the initiator of the work. In some cases, the main types of analysis are carried out at the request of the auditor, investor.
What are we researching?
Economic science involves the types of financial analysis, subdivided into categories depending on which objects are studied in the course of the activities of specialists. In some cases, this is a complete analysis. This is done if you need to assess the state of the enterprise from all sides, forwhich is important to check the objects included in its composition. Nothing escapes the attention of those responsible for the work.
Selective core analyzes in an enterprise are initiated if a specific area needs to be explored. As a rule, an in-depth study of the issue is required. One or more work objectives are selected, in the second case, related aspects are usually considered. The data obtained is used in the work of the relevant division of the enterprise, which allows to increase the efficiency of its functioning.
Types of analysis: preliminary, operational
If some action is planned, including the implementation of a predetermined task, if it is necessary to justify the decision to manage the enterprise, then planned analytical activities are initially organized. This helps to predict the consequences of such activity, as well as to assess the extent to which the plan will be implemented. Preliminary types of process analysis can prevent a negative result of the activity. If one is planned as part of the work of a banking enterprise, then an assessment of the accounts is carried out, which makes it possible to identify the current state of affairs and understand what opportunities for growth exist and what the introduction of fundamentally new operations can bring.
Modern economic classification of types of analysis proposes to single out operational activities in a separate group. These are organized after some activity, as well as in a situation where the situation undergoes significant changes in a fairly short period of time. Sometimes operational analysis is required forthe expiration of a day from the moment of some event, decade or month. Such an analysis is an integral part of the ongoing work. It is most relevant for financial structures. A preliminary view of the work analysis allows you to understand how liquid the company is, as well as evaluate the funds for reserves, other indicators that allow you to adjust the company's activities in order to increase stability and efficiency.
Analytical activities: summing up
One of the key types of analysis of the result is the final one. This must be organized within the framework of any enterprise with a clearly defined cyclicality. It is recommended to systematically conduct the event monthly, annually, as well as based on the results of quarters, six months.
The main value of the final type of analysis of the results is in a comprehensive assessment of the enterprise. Reporting data can be evaluated from different angles, which allows you to correctly formulate the results of the period under study. In the commercial structure, the final analysis allows you to determine how economically high the efficiency of the enterprise is in the selected time period. Based on these data, it is possible to assess the financial situation and determine what reserves are available to improve the situation, including the income component.
What to expect?
One of the indispensable types of analysis is evaluating the prospects of an enterprise. Economic sciences within the framework of such a study involve forecasting the company's financial performance. In this case, both the volumes of capital and balances are subject to assessment.by currencies, as well as portfolios of the organization, including investments and a loan component. At the same time, a promising type of analysis involves taking into account the results of financial activities that are currently available, since they lay the foundation for the further development of the company.
Functional analysis
The functional type of analysis involves the formulation of the area of specialization of the enterprise. At the same time, specialists pay attention to the main area of the company's activity and determine how significant the company's position is in the market in this area. This type of analysis involves taking into account the image of interaction with other structures, the prospects for the development of these aspects. It is necessary to evaluate all counterparties and make a forecast for interaction with them. Based on the results of the work, it is possible to form fairly correct assumptions regarding the profitability of a legal entity in the relatively near future.
The functional type of analysis allows you to assess the liquidity of transactions and develop approaches to improve this parameter. The main idea of the event is the definition of unprofitable operations and their exclusion from the scope of services provided by the company. In parallel with this, specialists assess the competitiveness of the enterprise and analyze how reliable its position in the market is.
Structural and operational analysis
Structural analytics involves the study of operations conducted by the enterprise, on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the share of each of the counterparties. Equally pay attention to both passive and active operations. Structural analysis is most relevant for financial corporations, as it allows you to summarize statistics for all economic counterparties. As part of the event, the structure of the income component of the organization, profits is assessed. At the same time, analysts are examining the cost component of the enterprise.
Operational analysis, which involves the study of value at the same time, is a research activity that allows you to formulate forecasts of the profitability of an enterprise. In the course of the work, the profitability, prospects, unprofitability of the company are assessed, and a cost characteristic is given for each operation. Based on detailed statistics, you can understand what makes up the profit of the company, what policies need to be promoted in order to achieve prosperity. Analysts take into account that profit maximization is ensured not only through deposits, but also through loans, and equally analyze both sides of the financial issue.
Macroeconomic analysis
The collection of statistics and systematization of data of this kind involves the assessment of the enterprise as an element of the market in which it presents its product, service. At the same time, analysts examine how large passive, active operations are, what income the company receives, how much this correlates with the income component of the country's sphere as a whole. In addition, it is important to assess how significant the level of participation of the enterprise in the creation of the money supply, the distribution of services in the sector of specialization. At the regional level, they usually analyze statistics on creditresources and their impact on the market.
As part of the analytical activity to collect statistics of passive, active operations, the scales of a strictly limited list of operations are compared. The indicators of the corresponding market sector as a whole are taken as benchmarks.
Risk Analysis
This term is used to refer to the anatomical activity of determining risk factors with an accompanying assessment of the significance of each of them. Before starting work, a system, event or a complex of those is determined, in relation to which the selected risk aspects are evaluated. In fact, analysts identify with what probability a negative event can happen, which can prevent the successful achievement of the plan.
Currently, risk analysis is carried out more often in the field of information technology than in any other applied area. This measure has a number of specific features. Evaluation work is carried out on the basis of predetermined metrics and using strictly specified methods. An integrated approach involves evaluation activities, on the basis of which certain components are ignored, others are reduced, relative to the third, measures are taken to eliminate the consequences.
Specifics of risk analytics in IT
In this area, risks are usually associated with information systems and a set of works with them. This includes the creation, improvement, entry and exit from use, as well as maintenance of IP. In addition, the object may be another IT asset, including technology. Assets are artifacts that are valuable to a legal entity to some specified degree, and companies use them as part of their activities. In some cases cost values are defined, but this is not always possible. The asset is always directly, indirectly involved in the formation of products, the implementation of which determines the success of the company.
The correctness of accounting and control of assets determines the risk component for the process in which they are involved. The more important, the more significant the asset, the more significant the identification, evaluation, documentation of it. This takes into account the peculiarities of a particular company. The identification process is directly related to taking into account the complexity of the relationships between assets. The correctness of the measure affects the accuracy of risk identification, as well as the work associated with identifying and eliminating it (or its consequences).
Information risks: assessment
As part of this type of work analysis, a unique rank is formed, where all conditions are indicated with prioritization. Aspects that can violate the integrity of the working system are taken into account. They equally pay attention to both large aspects and rather small, non-obvious at first glance reasons. The assessment is made taking into account a complex of factors, including the value, effectiveness, and importance of the identified threats. A specific set of factors is determined by the situation, risks, assets.
Some theoretical approaches propose to define the assessment of information risks as the identification of quantitative, qualitative indicators of the degree of danger. In any of the options,so that the result of the measure provides information that allows you to determine the magnitude of the upcoming problems, possible ways to circumvent and solve them. Based on the specific analysis performed, it is possible to figure out which method of handling the situation will bring the maximum benefit.
Analysis: a multifaceted concept
It's amazing how many phenomena can be analyzed! For example, there are numerous types of blood tests: general, dedicated to specific indicators, aimed at identifying symptoms of a suspected pathology. You can analyze the state of a person, a machine, a process, a system, the world… However, analysis is most often found in economics, and the real pros in this field are specialists who can sort through any situation.
Market Analysis
There are two main methods to implement this event: fundamental, technical. The first involves an assessment of the factors (politics, economics, society) that affect the current situation. In fact, the specialist evaluates the market, the economy within the boundaries of "bad / good". The main idea of such analytics is the strengthening of the currency based on the stability of the economic situation. At the same time, they take into account that a strong currency stimulates confidence in the state and leads to its successful, rapid development.
Technical analysis is a term applied to research activities that monitor price adjustments. The most visual method of reflecting the information received is graphic. The researcher can at any timesee how prices are changing, which helps to predict development in the near future. Usually, with sufficient preparation during the analysis, the specialist determines the dominant trends, identifies patterns, on the basis of which he reveals the optimal policy for making deals in the selected area.
Analysis: how to approach the problem?
Each of these techniques has its own unique strengths and weaknesses. It is necessary to choose a specific option, taking into account the peculiarities of the task at hand. So, some methods of analysis are effective for the banking sector, others - for the formation of the cost of work, and still others - for determining prospects. The most appropriate analytics technique can usually be selected by an experienced specialist who knows several approaches to identifying the essence of the current situation. It cannot be said that there is one universal "recipe" for analysis. Even similar situations in two enterprises may require a different approach, which will be determined by one or two factors (for example, the debit component or the characteristics of the clientele).
As statistics show, in most cases it is customary to resort to several methods of analyzing the situation in order to obtain the most extensive information, on the basis of which a correct management decision can be made. This is due to the fact that each specific technique provides a rather limited set of information, and it does not always allow you to present the big picture. But the simultaneous application of several approaches forms the correct vision of the situation, allowsassess the current state of affairs and development prospects, as well as risks and ways to eliminate them. In some cases, this approach may seem too complicated, but neglecting additional information, especially when the future of an enterprise depends on it in a crisis market situation, is completely unacceptable.
