The guardhouse was once in tsarist Russia the place of the main guard of the state army. It existed in every major city. Later, it began to be used as a place of detention for the arrested military.
History of occurrence
In its original meaning, the guardhouse is translated from German as "the main guard", which is called a temporary military formation. Its only task is to guard and protect the battle banners, objects of varying degrees of importance. In Russia, after the establishment of military garrisons and commandant's offices by Peter the Great, a guardhouse also appeared, this happened in 1707. It was used in those days to accommodate guard personnel.
The first building of the guardhouse was built, as you might guess, on Sennaya Square in St. Petersburg. Later, such institutions were placed on the main squares in all major cities. Since the setting of the guard has always attracted attention with the beauty, clarity, gracefulness of the movements of soldiers, such buildings were located on the central streets of cities, and well-known architects and builders were engaged in their design.
Later communistsused the premises of the guard to hold the arrested military personnel. It is worth noting that in European countries such an institution as a guardhouse was completely absent. Mostly, their military received only reprimands as punishment.
The guardhouse in modern times
In 2002, guardhouses were canceled in Russia due to a contradiction with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Russian Armed Forces, the commander of the regiment, and not the judicial authority, could impose an arrest on a suspected soldier. This was contrary to the basic law of the state.
Five years later, this institute was returned to the Russian armed forces. Two types of it were formed: military and garrison guardhouse. To date, fifteen of these institutions operate in the Russian Federation. In 2013, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, by his decree, returned the guardhouse to the capital, where the latter was closed in 2008.
Grounds for detention
In 2006, according to the law adopted by Vladimir Putin, the guardhouse was again determined as the place of detention of the guilty military. This provided for a disciplinary arrest, which could only be ordered by a military court. The grounds for detention in a guardhouse for reasons of such a pen alty may be unauthorized abandonment of a military unit, committed violations in the handling of military weapons, as well as being under the influence of alcohol or drugs while on duty. Content in the guardhouse canlast a maximum of 45 days.
In addition to serving disciplinary sentences, there may be other categories of convicts in the institution. In a number of cases provided for by a military tribunal, a guardhouse is the temporary detention of suspected or accused military personnel. For example, if the court postponed the decision on the choice of a measure of restraint, the defendant may stay in the place of temporary stay for no more than three days. If it is not possible to deliver the person under investigation to the isolation ward due to various reasons, the stay may be delayed up to a month.
Conditions of stay
The maintenance of military personnel in the guardhouse is also controlled by the norms of international law and the Russian Constitution, which is to prevent the use of torture and other ill-treatment, which may lead to the humiliation of human dignity. Arrested persons can be kept both in solitary and in general cells. At the same time, the military taken into custody as a result of a disciplinary sanction are always located separately from others.
The principles of segregation are also observed when arresting senior and junior officers, conscripts and contractors.
