During the time of the Russian Empire, there was a Police Department in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which managed the police in the state for 30 years, until the coup and the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Establishment of a public body
It was formed on August 6, 1880 as a kind of successor to all the rights and dogmas of the Third Branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, which was also part of and fell under the provisions of the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire.
The very first name of this body was the “State Police Department”, it included such departments as security, police, detective, all fire stations and address desks throughout the country were under control.
End of Department
On March 23, 1917, the Department was dissolved due to the revolution and the change of power, and instead of it, the authorities ordered the creation of the so-called Directorate for the Security of Citizens and Public Police Affairs in order tofor the duration of the coups there was at least a provisional police force. The slogan "For Faith, Tsar and Fatherland" was forgotten after that.
Rebirth of the Department in a new state body
A little later, almost six months later, this department became known as the main one, which gave it state rights and full legality, unlike the previous state department. The tasks of this Police Department included organizing the activities of the police on the ground, full control of what they do, as well as guarding the borders, prisoners of war, foreign ambassadors and guests of the highest echelon of power who arrived in the USSR.
List of divisions of the Department
At the end of 1917, the Department consisted of nine departments called office work, as well as secret departments and offices. The structure of the Department was as follows:
- 1st Department - the very first variation of the Department, which existed even under the Empire. She was engaged in all police affairs, as well as an extract for the appointment of awards, benefits, pensions. Regulated all cases that concerned counterfeit money, sorted out papers on the return of refugees to their homeland.
- 2nd department de alt with national affairs during the Russian Empire. Making laws about social events, for example, how to behave, which performances to skip and which to ban. He created such slogans as "For the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland", "God bless us", etc. He was engaged in the creation of laws on the reception and importation of vehicles into the territory of the empire.
- The 3rd department was engaged in the search for political criminals, as well as the fight against mass party movements, strikes and rallies. Managed the protection of the emperor himself and was completely secret. It became known about him only after all the affairs of this department were transferred to the so-called Special Department, which stored all the data on political parties and movements in Tsarist Russia.
- 4th Division - Police Department supervised all mass work, and also fully controlled all peasant movements.
- The 5th department carried out special decisions of the Ministry of the Interior, for which it was called the executive department.
- 6th Department controlled the manufacture and storage of explosives (cartridges, explosives, and chemicals). The duties of the 6th department were introduced to monitor and control the entire gold industry and the oil industry, which began its development in the Russian Empire.
- 7th department - "observant", compiled and maintained all archival records of inquiries, cases about revolutionary figures of certain groups of people (parties, congresses). The responsibilities of the seventh department also included the maintenance and archiving of prison assignment correspondence (about all emergencies in prisons, escapes, appeals and extensions).
- The 8th department was the center for managing all detective agencies and criminal investigation agencies in the Russian Empire.
- The 9th department de alt with all matters related to intelligence and counterintelligence, communications withallied powers and discussions of plans for enemy states.
- The Encryption Department of the Police Department guaranteed complete secrecy and storage of the correspondence of the royal family, deciphered enemy messages, developed new ways to decrypt and encrypt letters.
