The participle in Russian simultaneously performs the functions of such parts of speech as an adjective and a verb. That is, it indicates both a sign and an action. In the doctrine of the Russian language, separate types of participles are distinguished: real and passive. The first are designed to display a sign of an object that independently performs an action (reading, dressing). But in this article we will focus on the second type. What is a passive participle? Answer below.
What is the passive participle?
First, let's establish the main feature of this type of special form of the verb. The science of the Russian language gives an answer to the question of what a passive participle is. It is intended to designate a sign of an object that does not act independently, butinfluenced by another entity. Speaking about what a passive participle is, we should mention its features. As you know, it has the properties of both an adjective and a verb. From the first participle took the ability to decline and agree with nouns in number, gender and case. The verb, on the other hand, endowed its special form with a look, tense, a criterion of transitivity and recurrence.
How are passive participles formed?
Words in Russian are divided into non-derivatives and those formed from other parts of speech (derivatives). The second includes the sacraments. The features of their formation depend on the criterion of time. It is worth clarifying that participles can be used in the present or past tense. Let's consider each case in detail. So, the passive participle of the present tense is formed from the basis of a transitive verb. At the same time, the word taken as the base must also be of an imperfect form. Assistants in the formation of such passive participles are special suffixes: -em- and -om-. They apply if the verb used has the first conjugation, and the suffix -im- if the second. Examples are words such as solved and audible. As for the past tense of passive participles, it is formed from the stem of the infinitive of the verb, which is transitive. In this case, suffixes such as -enn-, -nn-, -t- are used. Examples include words such as sown, seen, washed. It should be noted that from some verbs it is impossibleform passive participles in the past tense (for example, from the words "drive", "live", "take", "know").
Syntax questions
Passive participle is a form of a word that incorporates the features of two parts of speech, as mentioned above. I wonder what role they play in sentences then? Are they definitions or predicates? It can be answered that passive participles can be both those and other members of the sentence. Let us take as a basis for the analysis the statement: "Carried away, we did not notice how he turned out to be immersed in thought." The first participle is a definition. The second is part of the compound predicate.
