Morphological analysis of a noun, an example of which we will consider in this article, is a very popular type of work in Russian lessons. The fact is that in this way you can easily understand how well students are oriented in the topic with respect to this part of speech.
What does the morphological analysis of a word (noun) cover? Examples provided for your attention.
Noun as part of speech
The noun is very common in Russian. It is intended to name objects and phenomena that surround a person. And there are a lot of them. A quarter of all the words we use are nouns.
This part of speech answers the questions: "who?" or "what?". It all depends on whether the object is animated or not. Also, don't forget about case questions.
Conducting a morphological analysisnoun (we will demonstrate an example of it a little later), it should be noted that several meanings of this part of speech can be distinguished:
- Specific. They denote tangible objects, for example: a book, a magazine, a table, a person, a bird.
- Real. Designate any substance - coffee, sugar, water, silk.
- Distracted. They denote phenomena that cannot be touched: thought, love, teaching, crying.
- Collective. They mean a lot as a whole - students, children, midges, foliage.
Persistent and non-permanent signs: what is the difference
Any morphological parsing of a word, with or without examples, includes enumeration of features. For any variable part of speech, they will be divided into permanent and non-permanent.
The fact is that almost any part of speech (except for gerunds and adverbs) can change its form. The noun is also subject to change. Depending on the grammatical structure of the sentence, we use different endings - this is called form formation. Such signs will be inconsistent. For a noun, these are numbers and cases.
Fickle morphological features are the same regardless of grammar. A noun will always have a specific gender (masculine, neuter, or feminine) or declension (first, second, or third). In addition, one can definitely speak about its animateness or inanimateness, as well as about whether it is its own orcommon noun.
General grammatical meaning
To prove that we have a specific part of speech is necessary, this begins the morphological analysis of the noun. Example:
We flew by plane to our holiday destination.
Airplane (what?) is a noun because it denotes an object.
In addition, you must specify the initial form (the word is put in the nominative singular). In this case, the initial shape will be an airplane.
Let's give another example where the general grammatical meaning will be an abstract concept:
All sorts of thoughts visited Natalia before going to bed.
Thoughts (what?) – noun, because denotes an abstract concept. Initial form - thought.
Permanent signs
In the analysis of the part of speech, it is also necessary to indicate constant morphological characteristics. Let's dwell on them in more detail. First, we determine whether we have a proper or common noun.
Most of the words in this part of speech in Russian are common nouns, i.e. they name homogeneous objects and phenomena. Their distinguishing feature is that they are written with a small letter if they are not at the beginning of a sentence: car, table, book, person, tree. Proper nouns denote unique objects and phenomena - these are all kinds of toponyms, names and surnames.
Secondly, we define animation. If the noun refers to wildlife, it will be animate, otherwise it will not.
Categorydeclension also refers to constant morphological features. There are three declensions in Russian. Their table is provided in the article.
The gender of a noun also refers to permanent features, it is unchanged in this part of speech.
Fickle signs
During the analysis of a part of speech, form-building or non-permanent signs are necessarily indicated. Without them, the morphological analysis of the noun is impossible. Examples:
Tourists leisurely approached the lake.
To the lake – used in the dative case, singular.
The girl stood outside the office door and did not dare to enter.
Behind the door - used in instrumental, plural.
Thus, we refer case and number to non-permanent morphological features of a noun.
Syntactic role
The syntactic role in the sentence completes the morphological analysis of the noun. Example:
A tender spring sun appeared from behind the clouds.
Appeared (from where?) from behind the clouds. The noun clouds is a circumstance with a preposition. In written analysis, it can simply be underlined accordingly.
There is one more noun in the sentence - the sun.
The sun has appeared (what?). In a sentence, it is the subject.
Parse Example
What does the morphological parsing of names look like in fullnouns? The outline and sample written review is as follows:
- General grammatical meaning. Specify which question the word answers. What does it name - an object, an abstract concept, a substance, or has a collective meaning.
- Initial form. It is necessary to put the word in the nominative singular.
- Permanent morphological features. Common or proper, category of animation, declension, gender.
- Signs are fickle. We specify in what form the noun is used in this sentence, taking into account the number and case.
- Syntactic role. Be sure to indicate in the phrase with the question. We must not forget about the preposition related to this member of the sentence.
As an example, let's analyze all the nouns from the sentence:
All the kids ran out onto the field to enjoy the warm summer rain.
- Children (who?) - noun, names a collective image.
- Initial form - kids.
- Constant characteristics: common noun, animate, 1st declension, feminine.
- Inconstant characteristics: used in the singular form (it has only this form, because it is collective) of the nominative case.
- The guys ran out (who?) - in the sentence is the subject.
On the field (on what?) – noun, because names an item.
- The initial form is a field.
- Constant characteristics: common noun, inanimate, 2nd declension, neuter gender.
- Variable characteristics:used in the accusative singular.
- Ran out (where?) on the field - in the sentence it is a circumstance with a preposition.
Rain (what?) - noun, because names a natural phenomenon.
- Initial form - rain
- Constant characteristics: common noun, inanimate, 2nd declension, masculine.
- Inconstant characteristics: used in the dative singular.
- Rejoice (what?) rain - in the sentence is an addition.
