Starting from middle school, children learn to perform morphological parsing of the verb. For the first time, the teacher will show an example for the children, and later they will easily perform it themselves. In order to correctly complete this task, you need to know what features the verb has, the signs that it has, its role in various types of sentences.
Where to start?
In order to correctly analyze the verb, you need to know its difference from other parts of speech. It gives dynamism to speech, makes it “move”, creating various images. Without him, we would have had a really hard time. Try to talk about the events of one day without using verbs. Difficult? Undoubtedly. After all, it is the verb that gives expressiveness and movement to our story. Of course, you can try to get by with only nouns, but apart from naming the events that have passed during the day, we will not be able to do anything.say.
When you take up the morphological analysis of the verb, an example of which we will write later, first learn to determine its initial form. Otherwise, it is called the infinitive. For example, let's find out what it is like in the verb "run away". To do this, ask a question to this form - what do they do? Now we can easily define the infinitive by asking "what to do?" Run away. This is its original form. Thus, we conclude that the infinitive is determined by the following questions: "what to do?" or "what to do?".
Conjugation
Let's continue to figure out how to do the morphological analysis of the verb. To do this, remember that each part of speech has its own special features. Those that never change are called permanent. These include conjugation (1 and 2), aspect (perfect and imperfect), as well as transitivity. Let's dwell on them in more detail.
The conjugation, which is a change of verbs in number (singular or plural) and person (three of them), is easily determined. Morphological analysis of a word (a verb in this case) involves the ability to distinguish the first conjugation from the second.
Usually start with an explanation about the second conjugation. Note that most often it is defined in an indefinite form. The rule says that verbs of the second conjugation end in "it". Here, of course, there are exceptions: this list is eleven words. The first includes all the rest: on “et”, “ot”, “at” and others. But not on “it.” Only twoexceptions in this group: shave and lay.
In shock forms look at personal endings. If this is 1 sp., then -et (-eat, -et, etc.) in the singular, -ut (yut) in the plural. In the second it is different: in the singular it will be -it, and in the plural -at (yat).
Transitivity
The next constant feature will tell you how to do the morphological analysis of the verb further. There are verbs both transitive and not. It is not always easy to determine which of them a word belongs to. Here the rule is as follows: look at the phrase. If the verb is used without a preposition, and even with a noun, which will be in the accusative case, then it is transitive.
Examples: cross the road, iron trousers. And in that, and in another example there is no preposition and noun. stand in Vin. case. Not to be confused with the "put in hand" example. Here the preposition indicates the lack of transitivity.
It is worth remembering the words with the suffix "sya" (the so-called reflexive verbs). They are never transitional.
View
This is the next feature that does not change for verbs. There are also two of them.
The imperfect aspect differs both in meaning and grammatically. It is determined by the question "what to do?". Such verbs are characterized by the incompleteness of the action. For example, running, walking, gluing - they all denote a process. It is not known if it will be finished as it is still ongoing.
The perfect aspect, according to the definition, includes verbs denoting a completed process. run, go,Stick - thanks to the prefixes, these words now have a completed action.
Knowing these features, we figured out how to make a morphological analysis of the verb according to its constant features. Now on to the others.
Inclination as a variable feature
Verb is a special group in Russian. It has many features, both permanent and those that can change. The morphological analysis of the verb, an example of which we will give a little later, will be replenished with another distinctive feature. In addition to number (singular and plural), person (1, 2 and 3) and tense, it has an inflection.
Indicative
The most common and numerous group. It includes words that do not differ in any special features. Can be used in all times and numbers: they fly, they arrive, they find.
Imperative
When we ask someone for something, we often use the verbs of this mood: come, draw, say. That is, we command, which literally means an order. If we are addressing a group of people or an older person, then we will ask politely, addressing you: do, think, wake up. So we just add the plural suffix "those".
Conditional
It is easy to distinguish it from others thanks to the particle “would” that is inseparable from it: they would have remained silent, would have printed, would have studied. This inclination requires some kind of condition, which is why it is called so.
Plan
Knowing all the features, we can composefor yourself a sample of the morphological analysis of the verb.
1. Indefinite (also called initial) form.
2. Permanent signs (those that do not change under any circumstances):
- conjugation (by ending or infinitive);
- look;
- transitivity.
3. Non-permanent signs (may change the word):
- inclination (we will define time for the indicative, the rest do not have it);
- number;
- genus (we define it only in the past tense);
- face.
4. The role (syntactic) of the verb in this sentence.
According to this plan, you can safely make a morphological analysis of the verb. Example: Petya was in a hurry to go to class.
1) Start. shape: hurry.
2) 1 ref. view, intransitive.
3) Indicative, singular, masculine, third person.
4) In the sentence, it plays the role of the main member, the predicate.
