State standards of primary general education are aimed at improving its efficiency, quality, and accessibility. In order to successfully cope with the tasks set by society for domestic education, serious structural, economic, and organizational changes are needed.
The Importance of Standards
The federal state standard of primary general education involves updating its content, bringing it into line with the requirements that society imposes. GEF is the guarantor of the implementation of the constitutional rights of every child to a quality education free of charge. The standard of primary general education meets the requirements of the state for a “portraitgraduate.”
The essence of the GEF of general education
It is a set of norms that define the mandatory minimum of the content of the educational program, the requirements for the level of training of students at all levels, the maximum load object, the requirements for the educational process, including material and technical, educational and laboratory, methodological, information, staffing.
The main educational program of primary general education should provide:
- equal opportunities for all citizens to acquire quality free education;
- unity of educational space in Russia;
- mobility and academic freedom of students;
- the right to choose an educational institution;
- protection against overload, creating conditions for full physical and mental he alth;
- continuity at different levels of educational programs;
- professional and social security of teachers and students;
- the right of citizens to get acquainted with reliable and complete information about the requirements and norms for the content of general education.
The standard also contains a basis for calculating budget financing standards for separating paid and free educational services, determining the optimal conditions for the educational process in organizations that implement the Federal State Educational Standard of the newgeneration based on state license.
Significance of the standard
The state guarantees that primary secondary general education is free and accessible within the limits specified in the standard. It is the foundation:
- creating a basic federal curriculum, educational programs at all levels of education, educational plans for educational institutions;
- assessing the level of training of graduates of the educational institution;
- objective assessment of the work of educational institutions;
- establishing the equivalence of legal documents on general education on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- determining the amount of funding for educational services that are provided on an irrevocable and gratuitous basis in all regions of the Russian Federation;
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establishing clear requirements for equipping OS premises with the necessary equipment
Components of the standard
Primary general education is the first stage of general education in Russia. Currently, the state standard includes several components:
- federal component;
- national-regional component;
- Element self-installed by the educational institution.
Features
Primary general education involves the acquisition by children of basic knowledge about the world around them, skills for solving applied problems, communicativequalities. It is at this stage that the personal qualities of the child develop. In Russia, primary general education is compulsory and public.
The educational process begins at the age of seven (in the absence of medical contraindications).
It is primary general education that forms the universal skills and abilities on which the child's success in the future life directly depends.
Directions of modernization of general education
The federal component of the standard at this stage was created on the basis of innovative directions. This is:
- transition to four years of primary education;
- eliminating overload, stabilizing the study load, preventing the undermining of mental and physical he alth;
- correspondence of educational programs to the age characteristics of children;
- personal orientation;
- orientation of the content component to the formation of UUN;
- increasing the importance of educational extracurricular work as the basis for the formation of civic values;
- shaping the readiness of schoolchildren to apply the acquired knowledge, methods and skills to solve specific practical problems;
- guaranteed computer literacy;
- improving the quality of physical education
Goals of Primary Education
FSES of primary general education corresponds to the student-centered school model. Hecontributes to the following goals:
- development of creative and individual abilities of each child, motivation of his interest in learning;
- education of aesthetic and moral qualities, respect for the environment;
- protecting and strengthening the mental and physical he alth of the younger generation;
- identifying gifted children, their early development.
Required subjects
Among the basic elements that are included in the compulsory educational minimum at this level of education, there are a number of disciplines. This is:
- literary reading;
- Russian;
- world around;
- math;
- foreign language;
- music;
- fine art;
- physical education;
- technology.
Skills
After mastering all the subject areas at the level of primary general education, students must master certain educational skills and abilities, form new ways of practical activity.
In the cognitive area, the child must master the skills of observing the objects of the surrounding world, describe them, and characterize the changes that occur to them. Also, the student must master the skills of making measurements, simplemeasuring instruments, to use them for experiments and experiments. The student must solve problems of a creative nature, draw up an algorithm of his own actions, apply theoretical knowledge in real life situations.
Speech activity includes working with artistic, educational, popular science texts, identifying the main idea from them.
At this stage of learning, the child should be able to compose simple and complex sentences. The child must master the algorithms for working with information using computer technology.
A primary school graduate must have the skills to independently search for the necessary information, the teacher only builds a certain educational trajectory for him, monitors the student's progress.
Summarize
Society makes new demands on the quality and content of domestic education. That is why it was so important to develop a certain standard for each level of education. Primary school is the base (foundation) for the subsequent development of the personal, creative, mental abilities of the child, is the most important step for raising a patriot of his country. The quality of the UUN acquired by a child at this stage of education directly affects his future.
