The use of modern pedagogical technologies in elementary school allows us to fully satisfy the request of the state. A. S. Makarenko is at the origins of technological processes. It was he who actively used the concept of pedagogical technologies. In large volumes, new pedagogical technologies in elementary school began to be used in the second half of the last century. Among domestic practitioners dealing with a similar problem, N. F. Talyzina, P. Ya. Galperin are singled out.
Theoretical aspects
Currently, the use of educational innovations is one of the factors in improving the quality of primary UUN. Innovative pedagogical technologies in elementary school are a set of teaching tools and methods, the sequence of their use.
Program "School-2100"
BWithin the framework of this educational system, certain methods and methods of work should be used. Let us dwell in more detail on which pedagogical technologies of teaching in elementary school are better to take.
In the lessons of explaining new material, you can use problem-dialogical learning. This technique is suitable for the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, natural history. Such innovative pedagogical technologies in the practice of elementary school allow the teacher to involve children in active activities.
Thanks to general subject technology, the right reader activity is being formed among the younger generation of Russians.
From the third grade, the use of pedagogical technologies in elementary school aimed at project activities is allowed. After the introduction of new federal standards, the creation of individual or group projects has become an obligatory element in any subject area. The use of pedagogical technologies in this type of primary school has already given its first positive results. The independence of students has increased significantly, their cognitive activity has increased.
The technology for evaluating the educational results of schoolchildren has successfully passed the adaptation. To get an objective picture, the teacher offers work in pairs, small groups, uses elements of a role-playing game.
Methodology for solving inventive problems
TRIZ pedagogical technology in elementary school is one of the technologies that can improve the efficiency of education. We list the main tasks that can be solved with itshelp:
- to develop the independence of schoolchildren;
- to form the right attitude towards the surrounding living world;
- develop confidence in your abilities;
- improve the general education of children;
- to form the skills of analysis, the ability to solve practical, inventive, social problems;
- to form a positive attitude towards the educational process;
- develop attention, logic, memory, speech, intelligence, creative imagination.
He alth saving technologies
Such pedagogical technologies according to the Federal State Educational Standards in elementary school are aimed at maintaining the he alth of the younger generation of Russians. There are several varieties of them:
- he alth-saving, allowing you to properly distribute physical and educational loads;
- he alth-improving (walking, hardening);
- raising a culture of he alth involves the active participation of children in a variety of extracurricular activities: tourist rallies, sports competitions).
The He alth Education methodology is of particular interest. Such pedagogical technologies according to the Federal State Educational Standard in primary school help younger students to recognize themselves, gain theoretical and practical knowledge about a he althy lifestyle.
People-centered approach
Such pedagogical teaching technologies in primary school contribute to the careful preservation and development of individual capabilitiesevery child. LOO is aimed at forming the student's subjectivity, at stimulating developmental mechanisms that correspond to his age characteristics.
Such techniques of pedagogical technologies in elementary school are suitable for the requirements put forward by the Federal State Educational Standard.
For each child, the teacher builds his own educational pedagogical trajectory, helps to choose the best ways for self-improvement and self-development, acts as a mentor.
Art technology
This technique involves the formation of intelligence through the use of artistic creativity. The use of pedagogical technologies in this type of primary school does not imply the use of special educational programs. Children receive skills in the perception of all genres of art: theater, dance, painting, music. They should not become professional dancers, artists, musicians.
The use of pedagogical technologies in elementary school helps to simplify the process of assimilation of complex educational material. Art acts as a means of knowledge. When solving the task set by the teacher, the child partially or completely selects ways to fulfill his role in full accordance with the rules of the chosen game. He retains quite a lot of freedom to invent, create, improvise, predict, guess.
Such pedagogical technologies in elementary school allow the teacher to conduct a lesson according to a certain algorithm,using the phrase: "What will happen when …" the guys get the skills of communicative communication, they learn to help each other, express their thoughts, and have a discussion with classmates.
There are 4 pedagogical technologies in elementary school of this kind:
- building a lesson on a specific art form;
- inclusion of elements of art as a means of work of the teacher;
- using art pieces for student activities;
- organization of cognitive activity of students through different genres.
Among examples of art lessons that are appropriate at the first stage of education, psychologists distinguish:
- theatrical activities;
- lessons-psychodrama;
- classes with simulation simulation;
- external travel;
- subject drawing;
- games.
Specific learning
Considering briefly modern pedagogical technologies in primary school according to GEF, let us dwell on the characteristics of education. By it is meant the process of studying the surrounding world, which is directed by both the student and his mentor. When acquiring new knowledge, the child makes certain efforts, and the teacher notices them, supports his pupil, and creates conditions for his subsequent self-improvement.
Pedagogical technologies in elementary school help the teacher to solve the tasks assigned to him by the state. Over the past few decades, there has been a change in value orientations in society. Today by heris considered an educated, free, developed person who can create, exist in a systematically changing political and economic conditions.
Pedagogical technologies in elementary school make it possible to move from the principle of "education for the rest of life" to the option of "education throughout life". Such progress can be achieved only with a complete transition to a personality-oriented approach to the upbringing and education of the younger generation of Russians. Such a technique involves taking into account the individual abilities of each child, his desires and inclinations. That is why such pedagogical technologies are recommended according to the Federal State Educational Standards in elementary school.
From the experience of professionals, novice teachers extract a rational grain, apply the fruits of the work of their colleagues when creating their own curricula.
Information technology in elementary school
This approach contributes to the inculcation of cognitive interest in any scientific discipline. For example, in the lessons of natural history, a teacher using information technology can show a child the development of a plant in a matter of minutes. What kind of work methods are appropriate in elementary school? Among them are the following options:
- collaboration;
- project work;
- he alth-saving technologies;
- language portfolio;
- games;
- interactive learning.
Role playing games
Classification of pedagogic altechnology in elementary school includes this form of work. They are especially relevant for extracurricular activities. For example, when organizing a group project related to the celebration of the New Year, the teacher invites his pupils to come up with a small performance for the New Year's holiday, in which each child will have his own specific role.
Game pedagogical technologies in elementary school contribute to the development of communication skills of the younger generation. They help to develop responsibility, independence, logical thinking in schoolchildren. In the role-playing game, each child has certain functions, the success of the whole team depends on the level of performance of which.
Note that this technique is also appropriate when conducting lessons. For example, when reading a literary work, the guys are divided into roles. In order for reading to be beautiful, each child follows the text of "colleagues", as a result of which attention and memory are activated, logical thinking is formed, and speech is improved.
With successful cooperation between the teacher and children, we can talk about conscious educational and upbringing activities. Only when cognitive motives arise does a real, rather than formal, mastery of the educational material occur.
Any classroom team is heterogeneous, as schoolchildren differ from each other in various parameters: the level of education, the ability to assimilate the material, motivation for development, and communication skills. Significant differences can be in the style of teaching,interests, self-confidence, capabilities, ability for self-realization and self-organization.
Innovative ways of working
Technology "Pedagogical workshop" in primary school helps to identify the creative abilities of each child. This technique allows you to create optimal conditions for the development and improvement of each student. In order for the self-realization of the child to be carried out, the teacher provides him with the opportunity to become a “manager”. At the beginning of the lesson, self-determination of schoolchildren for activities is organized. Newly minted "leaders" help the teacher to formulate the purpose of the lesson, think over its tasks, select the optimal activity algorithm.
The main requirement for self-determination is the ability to create flexible frameworks to suit the individual abilities and capabilities of the child.
Characterization of pedagogical technologies in elementary school is a relevant and timely process, because at present, global transformations are underway in domestic school education, covering all aspects of the pedagogical process. In order for them to become successful, it is necessary for teachers to have a desire to improve their professional skills by mastering innovative educational technologies of education and training.
Pedagogical technology is the design of educational activities, which is based on the use of a set of techniques, methods and forms of learning that improve the effectiveness of learning, achieve the desired result.
It is from masterypedagogical technology, the process of thinking of the teacher should begin: consistency, relevance, clarity of the language used.
Problem-Based Learning
In fact, this technique can be called a "flipped class". Pedagogical technology in elementary school of this kind is associated with the development of motivation for the educational process. It involves the activation of the cognitive interests of schoolchildren. Such a process is possible only if the children themselves resolve the contradictions proposed by the mentor. Thanks to the resolution of problematic situations, the younger generation has a constant need to acquire new knowledge, master skills and abilities. This technology allows the teacher to turn an ordinary training session into an exciting creative process.
Children learn much faster and better the information that they previously had to memorize. In order for such a teaching method not to reduce scientificity, the conclusions that students make are necessarily compared with the theoretical provisions of encyclopedic dictionaries, textbooks, manuals. The technology of problem-based learning is called a universal way of learning, because it can be applied both when studying new material and when testing the skills and abilities acquired by schoolchildren.
For example, when studying the animal world in a natural history lesson, the teacher lists different mammals on the blackboard, and the task of schoolchildren is to choose from the list only those animals that live in their region.
As a material for comparing the correctness performed by schoolchildrenwork, the teacher offers a ready-made presentation containing brief information about each mammal living in this region.
Depending on the characteristics of the class team, the teacher may include in his professional activities some techniques and elements of he alth-saving technologies. For example, during a training session, these may be small physical education pauses that allow you to switch the attention of children. As part of extracurricular activities, sports competitions and hardening are appropriate. The teacher tries to explain the importance and significance of following the daily routine, proper nutrition, not only to his wards, but also to their parents. For example, he includes thematic conversations in parent-teacher meetings, inviting medical workers, psychologists.
Individual elements of he alth-saving technologies are suitable for any subject, regardless of its focus.
For example, solving math problems with the following content: “Peter ate 7 cakes during the holiday, and Seryozha ate 10 more. How many cakes did the boys eat in total?”, in addition to mathematical calculations, the teacher asks the children about the correctness and consequences of such a diet. After the correct answer is found, the question concerning the consequences of overeating is discussed. He alth-saving technologies are also suitable for literary reading classes. For example, while reading a fairy tale about sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka, the teacher notes the importance of drinking clean drinking water.
Children in elementary school can't work for the full 45 minutes of a lesson, sothe teacher must necessarily include in the lesson various forms of switching attention, preventing excessive fatigue of schoolchildren. For example, in a Russian language lesson, where the maximum amount of study time is devoted to doing written exercises, a finger warm-up would be an excellent option for a useful break. Massage balls, which can be purchased at a toy store, are suitable for this. Thanks to simple exercises, fine motor skills are trained in children, speech is stimulated, imagination develops, blood circulation is stimulated, and reaction speed is accelerated.
Also, as a way to switch attention from one activity to another, preventive eye exercises can be used in elementary school. It allows you to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the eyes, restore blood circulation. Breathing exercises are especially relevant in the spring, when the child's body is weakened and needs support. When conducting physical exercises, the teacher is armed with visual aids. They contribute to the activation of metabolic oxygen processes in all tissues of the body, which leads to the optimization and normalization of its work.
An innovative teacher must pay close attention not only to the formation of universal learning skills in the younger generation, but also to maintaining their mental he alth. Innovative pedagogical technologies help to increase the stability of the nervous system of schoolchildren to stressful situations. The child must be able to withstand the difficulties that arise on his life path. In juniorschool age is dominated by involuntary attention. The child focuses only on the phenomenon that arouses genuine interest in him. That is why it is important that the teacher helps his pupils overcome despondency, apathy, fatigue, and dissatisfaction. The latter quality is one of the innate factors that can be considered incentives for self-development. If dissatisfaction is not “ennobled” by the caring hands of a mentor, it can turn into a prolonged depression.
Group activities
She plays a positive role both at the initial stages of education, and in subsequent educational and educational work. This technique is used by primary school teachers from the first days of acquaintance with a new class. For group activities, lessons of service work, reading, and the world around are suitable. First, the teacher sets the task of analyzing and synthesizing a certain educational material for his pupils. While the kids are still new to each other, the teacher allows them to optionally divide into groups of 3-4 people. Together they complete the proposed task, then acquaint the rest of the children with the results. For example, in art classes, it is quite possible to offer each child to make his own apple out of plasticine. Then each group creates their own "apple tree", getting a beautiful overall composition.
This form of work is also suitable for a math lesson. Pupils receive cards from the teacher, on which various tasks are written. For example, one group shouldfold the fruits, choosing them from the proposed list. The second group may be offered tasks to calculate the area of a square, but in addition to it, children will have a circle, a triangle.
This technique contributes to the formation of interpersonal relationships between members of the micro-collective. Allows the teacher to quickly introduce children, make friends with each other. Of course, in addition to communication skills, group work is ideal for developing and improving universal study skills.
Within a small group, a leader is chosen. This technique is an excellent opportunity to identify leadership qualities in children of primary school age. The main goal of the group is to jointly approach the final result, that is, to jointly solve the problem (task, exercise, example) proposed by the teacher. The guys are interested in such activities, because they get the opportunity to learn more about their classmates, they learn to build relationships with other people, take into account the wishes and interests of their comrades.
Conclusion
Currently, serious transformations are taking place in domestic education. Thanks to the introduction of new federal standards at all levels of education, a "standard" image of the student is being created in elementary school. The Federal State Educational Standard contains detailed information about the skills and abilities that a modern Russian student must master during the years of study at the first stage of education. In order for the child to fully meet the requirements placed on him by society, he couldfeel comfortable in it, the teacher actively uses special educational technologies in his professional activities.
Depending on the age and individual characteristics characteristic of each particular classroom team, the teacher selects from the existing variety only those methods and techniques that will help him achieve maximum effectiveness in educational and educational activities. For example, for active and mobile first-graders, educational game technology is ideal.
Games help the class teacher to lead a differentiated approach to each child, to involve children in the creative educational process. Game activity is suitable both for mastering complex terms and concepts, and for consolidating knowledge acquired in previous training sessions. Competitions and various relay races are suitable not only for physical education lessons, they are quite appropriate in mathematics, Russian, for example, the class is divided into two groups, each is offered a specific task. That part of the class team that will quickly cope with the task set by the teacher wins, is stimulated by excellent marks in the journal.
In addition to the gaming pedagogical technology, in elementary school, teachers actively use the level differentiation of education. The methods and techniques that are characteristic of this innovative form of work contribute to the early identification of gifted and talented children. The teacher selects the best development option for each of these students, stimulates their independence andinitiative. In conclusion, we note that the success of his pupils, their adaptation to life in modern society directly depends on the talent of a mentor.
