Speech is the main tool of communication between people, which children begin to master already in the first years of life. The ability to clearly and consistently express one's thoughts has a positive effect on the psychological development of the child, forms sociability, intelligence and general progress in thinking. The development of speech in the older group of kindergarten is an important and integral tool for the improvement of preschoolers and has its own characteristics.
Purpose of class
Speech development in the older group is aimed primarily at improving the existing knowledge and skills of children who will soon go to school. By the age of six, a child should be able to:
- use about 2-3 thousand words;
- correctly build sentences using all parts of speech;
- discuss, express youropinion;
- know set phrases and expressions;
- explain the meaning of words.
Classes contribute to the formation of the knowledge and skills necessary for a given age, enrich the vocabulary of a preschooler, and teach the correct form of communication. A child who speaks freely and well has the opportunity to speak out and maintain an interesting dialogue, which has a positive effect on the intelligence, logic and imagination of a little man. Methods aimed at developing speech in the older group are selected in accordance with the age characteristics of preschool children.
Speech development methods
The main stages of improving children's speech are training, correction and education. The work of educators in kindergarten includes such moments as:
- training in verbal and non-verbal communication;
- work on the pronunciation of complex words and individual sounds;
- correction of speech defects;
- development of expressiveness;
- learning the correct emotional coloring of speech.
The development of speech in the older group is more of an entertaining nature, as preschoolers better absorb information presented in a playful way. Games, quizzes, songs and fairy tales are involved in the formation and improvement of the necessary speech skills of children. Intellectual tasks should be harmoniously replaced by physical activity - dancing, exercises, active games. Releasing excess energy contributes to even more successfulresults.
FSES for preschoolers
Education of preschool children is an important condition for the further successful development of each child. The importance of improving the speech skills of kindergarten students is emphasized by the Federal State Educational Standard, which came into force in Russia not so long ago, but is already used in every educational program, including work with preschoolers.
The development of speech in the senior group according to the GEF includes the following tasks:
- enrichment of vocabulary;
- the ability to use speech as a means of culture and communication;
- acquaintance with literature, its genres;
- development of phonemic hearing (correct placement of stress in words, expressive speech);
- shaping the possibilities of speech creativity.
An important goal in the educational system is to instill in the child a love of literature and the formation of a need for reading. Such skills contribute to the development of the preschooler's intelligence and literacy, which positively affects the level of learning in the future.
Development of speech in the older group: classes and their structure
To get the maximum results from classes, experienced teachers have developed many different programs and methods. In order for children not to overwork and not get bored during training, there is a certain structure of classes. It is often recommended for classes aimed at developing speech in seniorgroup.
- Involving children. Entering the learning process should be interesting and exciting for restless children. Preschoolers are curious and playful, so inviting children to participate in a fairy tale will be the best solution.
- Performing tasks. While the children are as concentrated as possible, the main stage of training is being carried out.
- Game pause. During the break, children should be allowed to get rid of energy. It can be dance, role-play, doing tasks that require physical activity.
- Fairy tale. Reading a fairy tale, discussing it, acting out and performing various tasks contributes not only to the improvement of speech, but also to the formation of social and moral concepts in children.
- Rest. Closing conversation.
A thematic variety of tasks is recommended, which can be based on fairy tales or other sources. Seasonal topics are preferred, aimed at developing speech in the older group: “Autumn, hello!”, “How I will spend my summer”, “Winter entertainment.”
Introduction to the learning process
In order to organize children and get their attention, it is necessary to organize an interesting, but simple combination of phrases and exercises. You can gather preschoolers in a circle and organize a finger game.
- On the count from one to five, the children alternately bend their fingers (“we will play together”).
- When counting down, the fist opens - three, two, one ("new knowledge awaits us").
After the game, children are introduced tothe upcoming topic of classes, whether it is the study of professions, acquaintance with nature or a fairy-tale world. It is recommended to have a short conversation related to the topic. It is necessary to involve all children in the conversation with the help of auxiliary questions and individual invitations of timid participants to the dialogue.
Development of facial expressions and intonation
Basic exercises depend on the chosen topic of the lesson. The process should include tasks for the development of expressiveness and facial expressions. Below is an example of a main step.
Development of speech in the senior group on the topic: "Autumn, hello!".
- The teacher invites preschoolers to greet autumn: “We have been waiting for you, autumn.”
- Children repeat sentences, stressing the first word.
- Then the greeting is repeated, but the emphasis is on the second word.
- The phrase is pronounced with the accent on the next word and so on.
The teacher comes up with a new sentence: "Autumn has replaced summer." Children should repeat the statement in different intonations - fun, disappointed, offended, spiteful. Pupils should be praised and encouraged during the game.
Games
Even those activities that are aimed only at the development of speech, in the older group it is recommended to dilute the game that requires physical activity. It is desirable that it fits into the general mood of the lesson, corresponds to the theme and uses game attributes in it. If the lesson is devoted to the autumn season, you can set the following tasks for preschoolers:
- jump over puddles (cardboard ovals, for example);
- throw paper leaves;
- run away from the rain, which one of the pupils will play;
- show the birds that fly away to warmer climes.
It's great if the kids themselves come up with fun ideas, suggesting options for the activities and activities associated with the season.
Quests
This stage is devoted to literary works and creativity. The teacher can read a fairy tale, story or poem dedicated to the topic chosen for the lesson. After reading, it is necessary to use the imagination and imagination of preschoolers. Children can come up with how the story ended by offering their own options. You can arrange a quiz, the answers to which were found in the work.
It is preferable to use additional attributes that are prepared in advance. With their help, students will be able to beat the read story. For example, the teacher told the children a story about a hedgehog who stocked up on food for the winter. The teacher offers the attention of the children a large basket in which various objects lie. What will the forest animal take: apples, mushrooms, or maybe a ball?
End of class
At the end of the lesson, the results are summed up, where preschoolers are given the opportunity to analyze the information received. The teacher asks the children about what the lesson was devoted to, what the children learned new and interesting. It is important to praise preschoolers, it will cheer them upand encourages active participation during the lessons in the future.
A small reminder of the past lesson in the form of a gift will especially please children. It can be a sticker, a delicious candy or another nice bonus. The children can be given interesting homework - draw a picture dedicated to the topic covered or learn a verse.
