In Russian syntax, there are members of the sentence, which, being subordinate to the main members of the sentence, play the role of explanation, clarification, addition to the grammatical basis of the sentence. They are called secondary members of the sentence. Their presence or absence in the proposal determines the status of the proposal: widespread or non-common. Knowing which word from a pair of grammatical stems one or another minor member refers to, one can characterize the sentence as complete or incomplete.
There are three types of minor members:
- definition (and its kind of application), answering the questions of the adjective and extending the subject or other member of the sentence, expressed by a noun or a pronominal word;
- complement is expressed by a noun or pronoun, answers case questions and extends a predicate or other term expressed by a verb, verb forms, noun, pronoun or adverb;
- circumstance (has several digits depending on whetherwhat it means and what it points to) extends the predicate and the same members as the addition, answers adverbial questions.
In a simple sentence, there are often secondary members of the sentence that answer the same questions and refer to the same main member of the sentence, and are interconnected either by a composing link or intonation. In this case, the homogeneity of the secondary members of the proposal takes place. The syntactic characteristic of such a sentence will sound like this: a simple sentence with homogeneous members. It happens that in a sentence the same word is repeated several times in order to strengthen the reader's understanding, then there can be no question of any homogeneity, and the sentence will be characterized as simple, uncomplicated.
Homogeneous secondary members of the sentence on the letter are separated by unions and commas. The method of separation depends on the method of connection of homogeneous members, the categories of unions connecting them, and also on the type of intonation. So, punctuation marks with homogeneous members of the sentence.
Comma is required if:
1) there is no union. For example: The whole city was decorated with blue, green, yellow, red lanterns.
2) there are opposing conjunctions between words: a, but, yes [=but], but, however. For example: Things were ugly, but new.
3) double conjunctions are used. For example: He liked not only flowers, but also trees.
4) repeated conjunctions are used. For example: We were both smart and beautiful, andsuccessful, and the luckiest of our edition.
5) there is a union yes and in the meaning of addition. For example: He did not complain about fate, and life too.
Comma cannot be used if:
1) homogeneous members of the sentence are connected by divisive unions or, or, as well as connecting unions and, yes [=and]. For example: Was it a blue or turquoise dress?
2) there are phraseological turns. For example: Yes, he is neither fish nor fowl.
Thus, in order to more accurately communicate the necessary information, you need to use secondary members of the sentence. However, do not forget about punctuation marks with them. Only then will you be able to boast of your beautiful, correct, competent written speech.
