The People's Commissariat is the highest state administrative body. It was intended to distribute management of individual sectors of the national economy between people's commissars (now ministers) and other civil servants.
Educational History
Initially, People's Commissariats were created in 1917 at the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. All newly created organizations were part of the Soviet government, which at that time was headed by Lenin V. I.
In 1918, the Constitution of the RSFSR fixed the system of People's Commissariats, where it was also explained what a "People's Commissariat" was, the meaning of the abbreviation, goals, functionality, etc. Then there were 18 People's Commissariats in all branches of the state.
Already in 1922, when the USSR was formed, many changes were made to this system. The number of commissariats was reduced to ten, but they covered the entire Soviet Union completely. Half of them became all-union, and the other half - united. In 1923, the Regulations on People's Commissariats were issued, where points were prescribed regarding the procedure for the interaction of people's commissariats of all Union republics. The People's Commissariat, whose definition assumed full control of its industry, was now empoweredissuing resolutions, orders and instructions.
In 1936, the regular changes in the constitutional system also affected the people's commissariat - this is the transformation of the united commissariats into union-republican ones. Thus, ten union-republican and eight all-union commissariats were formed. The developing national economy in the next ten years subjected the People's Commissariats to another reshuffling. And in 1946, the name of the commissariats was changed by a new law, now the people's commissariat is a ministry.
Commissariat structure
The People's Commissariat was the main body in the state administration of each individual sphere of life of the USSR. At the head of the commissariat was the people's commissar. All commissars of various people's commissariats were additionally united in the Council of People's Commissars.
Each union republic had its own People's Commissariats and Councils of People's Commissars.
Each people's commissariat consisted of departments:
- Case Management;
- for employee training;
- on the legislative side;
- for financial matters;
- on encryption of secret information;
- on the management of educational institutions;
- for legal matters.
The number of staff reached 150-170 people in each People's Commissariat.
Directions
Decree of 1917 determined the following areas of work of the people's commissariats:
- internal affairs (or NKVD);
- agriculture;
- labor education;
- military and maritime affairs;
-enlightenment;
- finance;
- relations with foreign countries;
- advocacy;
- food;
- post and telegraph;
- railway affairs.
In 1932, 3 more commissariats joined them: heavy, light and timber industry.
Salaries of People's Commissars
The People's Commissariat is part of the government system, therefore, the wages of the leadership should have been high according to modern concepts. However, at that time things were different: in November 1917, Lenin signed a decree on remuneration for the work of people's commissars and other government employees.
According to this decree, each People's Commissar received 500 rubles a month. If his family included disabled citizens (children, pensioners or the disabled), then for each such person the people's commissar was paid extra 100 rubles every month. According to all calculations, the income of the people's commissar's family was equal to the income of the average worker.
People's Commissariat - the definition of the "progenitors" of the existing and functioning ministries, the structure and work of which has been preserved for a century and undergoes only minor changes.
