Let's talk about how to find protons, neutrons and electrons

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2024 Author: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:14

Let's talk about how to find protons, neutrons and electrons. There are three types of elementary particles in an atom, and each has its own elementary charge, mass.

Structure of the nucleus

In order to understand how to find protons, neutrons and electrons, let's imagine the structural features of the nucleus. It is the main part of the atom. Inside the nucleus are protons and neutrons called nucleons. Inside the nucleus, these particles can pass into each other.

For example, to find protons, neutrons and electrons in a hydrogen atom, you need to know its serial number. If we take into account that it is this element that heads the periodic system, then its nucleus contains one proton.

The diameter of an atomic nucleus is ten thousandth of the total size of an atom. It contains the bulk of the entire atom. The mass of the nucleus is thousands of times greater than the sum of all the electrons present in the atom.

how to find protons neutrons and electrons in an ion

Particle characteristics

Let's look at how to find protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom, andlearn about their features. A proton is an elementary particle that corresponds to the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. Its mass exceeds the electron by 1836 times. To determine the unit of electricity passing through a conductor with a given cross section, use an electric charge.

Each atom has a certain number of protons in its nucleus. It is a constant value that characterizes the chemical and physical properties of a given element.

How to find protons, neutrons and electrons in a carbon atom? The atomic number of this chemical element is 6, therefore, the nucleus contains six protons. According to the planetary model of the structure of the atom, six electrons move in orbits around the nucleus. To determine the number of neutrons, subtract the number of protons (6) from the value of the relative atomic mass of carbon (12), we get six neutrons.

For an iron atom, the number of protons corresponds to 26, that is, this element has the 26th serial number in the periodic table.

A neutron is an electrically neutral particle, unstable in a free state. A neutron is able to spontaneously transform into a positively charged proton, while emitting an antineutrino and an electron. Its average half-life is 12 minutes. The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom. Let's try to figure out how to find protons, neutrons and electrons in an ion? If an atom acquires a positive oxidation state during a chemical interaction with another element, then the number of protons and neutrons in it does not change, it is lessbecomes only electrons.

how to find protons neutrons and electrons in an atom

Conclusion

There were several theories regarding the structure of the atom, but none of them were viable. Prior to the version created by Rutherford, there was no detailed explanation about the location of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus, as well as about rotation in circular orbits of electrons. After the advent of the theory of the planetary structure of the atom, researchers had the opportunity not only to determine the number of elementary particles in an atom, but also to predict the physical and chemical properties of a particular chemical element.

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