Many professions, especially those that are directly related to the need for constant communication with people, require the possession of oratory, rhetoric, and therefore the culture of speech as a whole at a high level.
The culture of speech combines those qualities that are designed to have the maximum impact on the addressee, depending on the situation, goals and objectives. Thus, the quality of speech directly depends on the concepts:
- accuracy;
- clarity;
- correct;
- expression;
- we alth and diversity;
- purity of speech.
From the first three qualities follows such a concept as the logic of speech, which has significance in the aspect of conveying information to the listener and ensuring its correct perception.
Logical speech implies the ability to consistently express thoughts. It is also necessary to consistently and reasonably express their content.
The logic of speech in its functions is similar to accuracy. Both of these qualitiescharacterize the content associated with reality and thinking. But logic considers the construction of language units, the very structure of speech from the angle of fulfilling the laws of logic and the correctness of thinking, the coherence and meaningfulness of sentences. There are two types of consistency: subject and conceptual.
Under the objective means the correspondence of the narrative regarding the relationship of phenomena and objects in reality. Conceptual consistency correlates the adequacy of the construction of thought and its meaningful development. These two types are inextricably linked. Although they can be separated either intentionally, which is often found in fiction, fairy tales, mystical literature, or as a result of logical errors that can be made in the process of thinking.
The art of expressing one's thoughts freely implies not only the logic of speech, but also the absence of errors.
The basic laws of logic that govern human thinking as a whole are observed in all styles of speech. These rules should be followed most strictly when presenting information in a scientific style, since the emphasized logic and unambiguity of statements is one of the specific characteristics that dictate the use and organization of linguistic means of a scientific style. In the literary language, these rules are not so fundamental, and sometimes they are deliberately violated to create deeper images of characters.
Mistakes in speech may be due to poor command of the language or style. Again, sometimes they are quite justified in the artisticliterature.
Modern linguists distinguish between two types of norms: strictly obligatory (mandatory) and supplementary, that is, not strictly obligatory (dispositive).
Imperative norms are obligatory, their violation within the framework of the culture of speech is unacceptable, mainly these rules relate to grammar (correctness of conjugations, declensions, stresses, genders, etc.). These norms are characterized by strict unambiguity.
Dispositive norms do not have such restrictions and allow stylistically different or neutral options. Here the assessment takes place at the level of justification for the use of a language unit in the context of the use of a particular style.
