The inconstant sign of the verb - what is it? You will find the answer to the question asked in the materials of the presented article. In addition, we will tell you about what forms this part of speech has, how it declines, etc.
General information
Before you understand what permanent and non-permanent features of the verb exist, it should be said about what this part of speech is in general.
A verb is a part of speech denoting the state or action of an object and answering the questions “what to do?” and “what to do?”.
Verb forms
Each verb has the following forms:
- Initial. Sometimes it is called the infinitive or indefinite form. Such verbs end in -ty, -ty or –ch, that is, with formative suffixes (for example: guard, bloom, bathe, etc.). The indefinite form of the verb refers only to the state or action and does not indicate the number, tense or person. This is the so-called immutable form. She only has permanent features.
- Conjugated forms, that is, not beinginfinitive. As a rule, they have permanent and non-permanent features of the verb.
- Gerential participle.
- Communion.
So, in order to correctly compose the text of the letter, you should know that the presented part of speech has:
- fickle;
- constant features of the verb.
Let's consider them in more detail.
Inconstant features of the verb
Non-permanent forms include:
- number;
- inclination;
- genus;
- face;
- time.
It should be especially noted that each of these signs has its own characteristics.
Inclination
All verbs have 3 mood forms. This feature shows how the speaker evaluates the action. In other words, with the help of such a form one can find out whether he considers it desirable, possible or real under any certain condition.
- Indicative. Such an inclination shows that some action is actually happening, will happen or once happened. Let's give an example: we ate, we eat and we will eat.
- Subjunctive, or the so-called conditional mood. Usually it shows that some action can occur, but only under certain conditions. Let's give an example: without you, I would not have survived and would have died on the road. As can be seen from the example, the conditional mood is formed from the past tense by adding the particle “by” (or “b”). Moreover, this particle is written separately with the verb.
- Imperative. Suchthe form denotes an action that is asked, commanded, advised, or commanded to be performed. Here is an example: go faster.
Time
The term "non-permanent features of the verb" speaks for itself. That is, this part of speech changes over time. However, this only applies to verbs in the indicative mood.
So, let's take a closer look at how this part of speech changes over time:
- Present. Formally, it is expressed by such personal endings as -y, -yu, -eat, -et, -ut, -et, etc. (For example: I walk, I think, I do, I dream, I carry, etc.). It should be especially noted that the present tense refers to the process that is taking place at the moment. At the same time, he himself may not be in the present, but be in the past or future. Let's take an example: She is running ahead of me. She thought she was running ahead of me. She will run forward again.
- Future tense. As you know, it denotes a process that will happen very soon. For example: I will go for a walk in the evening. It should also be noted that the future tense is also present in perfective and imperfective verbs. Although in these cases it is expressed differently (I will read - I will read, I will sing - I will sing, I will walk - I will take a walk, etc.).
- Past tense. Such a tense denotes an already past action (for example: walked, did, thought). This form is formed by adding the suffix -l-.
Number
Inconstant signs of the verb are those signs that, if necessary, can change the wordat the right time, face, etc. The number is also a fickle sign. It can be:
- The only one: doing, waiting, going, going, going, etc.
- Plural: doing, expecting, going, going, going, etc.
Face
In the future and present forms, all verbs change according to the following persons:
- 1st person indicates that the process is carried out by the speaker: I sing, we sing;
- 2nd person indicates that the listener is doing the action: you are silent, you are silent;
- 3rd person indicates that the action is carried out by a person not participating in the dialogue: it, he, she is coming, they are coming.
It should also be noted that some verbs refer to some action or state that occurs without the participation of a certain person, as if by itself. Such verbs are called impersonal. Let's give an example: Chill. It's getting light. It's getting dark.
Gen
What other non-permanent features of the verb exist? Of course, the genus also belongs to them. However, this form is inherent only to verbs in the singular, the conditional mood and the past tense:
- Feminine: would have.
- Masculine: would have.
- Neutral: would have.
Now you know what non-permanent morphological features of the verb exist and how the given part of speech changes in accordance with them. However, it should be noted that, in addition to non-permanent, there areand permanent forms. Consider them in more detail.
Signs of the verb are constant
If you are approached and asked: "Name the inconstant features of the verb", then you will surely do it without hesitation. But what will you say if they want to hear from you the list and differences of the constant features of the verb?
So, these forms include:
- look;
- transitivity;
- returnability;
- conjugation.
View
Absolutely all verbs are imperfective or perfective. This sign shows exactly how the action proceeds. As you know, all perfective verbs answer the following question: “what to do?”. In addition, they indicate the result of the action, its completion, the beginning or end (for example, what to do? - stand up).
Perfective verbs can change in the past (what did you do? - got up) and the future simple tense (what will they do? - get up). There is no present tense form for this feature.
The imperfective verbs answer the following question: “what to do?”. In addition, when denoting any action, they do not indicate its result, completion, beginning or end: get up. Such verbs have a past (what did you do? - got up), a present (what do you do? - get up) and a future compound tense (what are you going to do? - I will get up). The imperfect aspect also has an indefinite form of the verb (what will it do? - will get up, will dance, etc.).
It should be especially noted that inRussian has a small number of two-part verbs. Such words, depending on the context, can become either perfect or imperfect (command, marry, explore, execute, arrest, marry, attack, examine, etc.).
Here is an example:
- Rumors spread around the city that the king himself would execute his enemies. In this case, the verb "executes" answers the question "what does he do?" and has an imperfect appearance.
- Rumors spread around the city that the king himself would execute several rebels. In this case, the verb "executes" answers the question "what will he do?" and looks perfect.
Returnability
Recurrence also belongs to permanent signs. Thus, verbs that have the postfix -sya or -sya are called reflexive. For example: fight, swear, etc. The rest are irrevocable. For example: beat, scold, think, etc.
Transitivity
All verbs are divided into intransitive and transitive. The latter denote a process that passes to another subject. Its name can be expressed:
- A noun that is in the genitive case without a preposition and denotes a part of something. For example: cut off butter, drink tea, etc.
- A noun (or pronoun) that is in the accusative case and has no preposition. For example: leaf through a magazine, see it.
- A noun (or a pronoun), which is in the genitive case, has no preposition, but is accompanied by a negation. For example: nothave documents, not see her.
All other verbs are considered intransitive (play in the forest, believe in justice, etc.).
Conjugation
You know what inconstant sign of a verb can be used to write a beautiful stylistic letter. However, this is not enough for compiling a competent text. After all, it is very important to know how verbs are written in a particular conjugation.
As you know, with this form, the endings of verbs change. In turn, conjugations depend on the person and number of a word.
So, to compose a competent letter, you need to remember that:
- Verbs of the 1st conjugation have endings: -eat (-eat), -u (-u), -et (-et), -ete (-ete), -eat (-eat) and -ut (-yut). Let's give an example: you work, you want, howls, sings, runs, etc.
- Verbs of the 2nd conjugation have endings: -ish, -u (-u), im, -it, -at (-yat) or –ite. Let's give an example: grow, feed, love, pass, destroy, etc.
