The word "verb" is related to the word "verb", which means "to speak". What does it mean? Probably, without a verb, human speech is impossible at all. These words, denoting action, create a picture of movement, event. And the events in our lives are connected with time: they have either already happened, or are happening now, or will happen in the future. Therefore, one of the main morphological features of the verb is its tense.
Past, future, present of the verb
Past tense verbs help to convey information about events that took place in the past. In such cases, the sentence often contains adjectives of time that indicate actions that have already taken place. For example:
- My textbooks and school supplies were bought yesterday.
- A month ago the boy went to school.
- Our youngest turned seven last year.
- I was looking forward to the holidays.
Present tense verbs are used in sentences when you need to say that now, at the moment,going on in the world, or something that has been going on continuously for a long time. For example:
- Children are learning.
- The boy is doing homework.
- The guys are sitting at their desks.
The future tense of a verb is used to express something that has not happened yet, but will happen in the future. Such sentences also often use adjectives of time. For example:
- I will soon learn to read and write.
- Tomorrow there will be a matinee at school.
- Mom will send me to school every day at 8 o'clock.
- We will be getting ready for school in the summer.
Past tense verbs
This section will be devoted to past tense verbs. They, as mentioned above, indicate that the event took place in the past. Past tense verbs change by number. For example:
- My son went to first grade - "went" - singular verb. h.
- First graders today for the first time sat at the desk - "sat down" - pl. h.
Past tense verbs have the ending -i:
- walk - walked;
- watch - watched;
- write - wrote;
- read - read;
- play - played;
- sit down - sat down;
- clean - cleaned;
- to wish - wished.
Past tense verbs change by gender in the singular:
- The house stood on the shore of the lake (masculine).
- The sun was at its zenith (neuter).
- The heat was incredible (feminine).
The gender of verbs in the past tense depends on the word they are associated with. If the noun or pronoun is masculine, then the past tense verb will be masculine (the house stood). Neutral words coordinate with the neuter verb (the sun was standing), feminine - with feminine verbs (the heat was standing).
Formation of past tense verbs
Past tense verbs are formed as follows.
We take an infinitive, that is, an indefinite form, to which you can put questions: "What to do?", "What to do?" We separate from him. To what is left (the producing base), we add -l. In practice, this happens as follows:
1. Select the stem, that is, take part of the word without -th.
2. Add the suffixes of the past tense verbs to the stem. For example:
- read - read+l (read);
- play - game+l (played);
- sow - sowing + l (sowed);
- dispel - dispelling+l (dispelled);
- hear - hearing+l (heard).
Spelling past tense verbs
We figured out the formation of verbs. The next thing to pay attention to is spelling. The past tense form of the verb is formed by adding the suffix -l to the stem. Students should be familiar with the spelling "vowels before -l". The rule that you need to know when choosing this spelling is formulated as follows: before -l- we writethe same letter as before -t. For example:
- melt - melted;
- glue - glued;
- winnow - winnow;
- deflate - deflate;
- roll out - rolled out;
- hang up - hung up;
- hang up - raveshal;
- peck - pecked.
Morphological analysis of past tense verbs
If you know what suffixes of past tense verbs exist, then it will not be difficult to highlight such words in the text. For example, let's do a morphological analysis of verbs from the sentence "A little boy hoped and believed that his mother would buy him a computer".
In the word "hoped" you can safely distinguish the suffix -l-. If you change the form of the word at times, then you can find out that the verb has another suffix: I did not hope - I hope (hope is the root, -I- is the verbal suffix). Since we know that past tense verbs change in number and case, we can easily pick out the ending. In the word "hoped" the ending is zero, because the lettered endings in past tense verbs can be:
- -i (plural);
- -a (feminine singular);
- -o (neuter singular).
Null ending has a unit value. number of men kind.
If the ending is not expressed in any way by letters, then -sya is a suffix (returnable).
In the word "believed" the past tense suffix -l-. We change the form of time: believe, believe. So the verb suffix is -and-. The ending is zero, not expressed by a letter, which means that the gender is masculine. The root of the word is ver-.
Practical work
1. What are the numbers of sentences where the tense of the verb written in italics is incorrectly defined:
1. We were waiting for the guys to come soon (future tense).
2. Right after class I go to the section (future).
3. I did my homework last night (past).
4. In a few days I will go to the theater to see the play Pinocchio (the future).
5. I remembered the performance and thought, huddled in a corner and sit (real).
6. It's been raining outside all day (real).
7. Very soon we are leaving for the sea (the real one).
8. I went to the station, and you will collect everything you need for the first time (past).
9. Have you left yet (past)?
10. This time we will do it differently (future).
11. I have been doing gymnastics for a whole year (past).
12. Since the age of ten, she has won competitions (past).
13. A rainbow hung over the forest and field (past).
14. Mom will come home from work soon (future).
2. Past tense verbs change in number and gender. Form the past tense from these verbs and change them:
- cherish;
- lay;
- wipe;
- cheat;
- grind;
- depend.
Answers
1. What are the numbers of sentences where the tense of the verb written in italics is incorrectly defined:
2) going - presenttime;
8) gather - future tense;
11) doing – present.
2. From these verbs, form the past tense and change them:
- cherish - cherished, cherished, cherished, cherished;
- to lay - to lay, to lay, to lay, to lay;
- wipe - wiped, wiped, wiped, wiped;
- deceive - deceived, deceived, deceived, deceived;
- grind - grind, grind, ramololi;
- depend - depended, depended, depended, depended.
