One of the most interesting, but at the same time, difficult parts of speech in the morphology of our language is considered to be the participle. An example of parsing this part of speech, as well as its differences from other groups, will be considered in more detail in this article.
Controversy
As you know, linguists still cannot agree on what a participle is. Some are inclined to believe that this is the most common independent part of speech. It has a number of its own characteristics that other groups do not have, its own system of declensions and many other distinctive features.
Others consider it a special form of another part of speech - the verb. The participle (an example of words belonging to this group will be given in the article below) is still in limbo. Therefore, we will not consider any of the points of view to be erroneous.
Bail
The mentioned part of speech has the category of pledge. It is not only in our language, but also in many others, for example, in English. An actual participle (examples: thinking, living, singing) is defined as one that conveysan action performed by the actor himself.
So, if we have the word "flying" in front of us, then we immediately imagine an object that makes a flight. It can be a bird or an airplane - they do it themselves, and therefore we can consider such a sacrament to be valid, that is, without the help of someone doing their job.
The passive participle is considered opposite in meaning (examples: cut down, drawn, split). In this case, in order for the action to be carried out, the help of another person or object is needed.
The embroidered pattern is a passive participle, as the pattern could not make itself. It was created by the one who picked up a needle and thread.
Please note that the spelling of this part of speech will depend on the correct voice.
Valid
Each of the participle groups has its own set of special suffixes. Features of word formation are necessarily considered in the course of studying each part of speech.
So, the real participle (examples: fled, hungry, distraught, located) has two groups of suffixes, which depend on the time in which we will use it.
The following are currently used:
- -asch - – shivering asch
- - box - – bale box
- - yi - – roar yi
- - yushch - – fighting yasch
Past tense. Communion (example: lying) has othersuffixes:
- - w - – growing w y
- - vsh - – battle vsh uysya
It's not difficult to distinguish them by time. It is necessary to substitute auxiliary words for each participle. If we have the present time in front of us, then the word “now” will do (burning (now) fire, darkening (now) sky).
When we see the sacrament in the past tense, we boldly substitute “yesterday” for it (a child who cried (yesterday), carried (yesterday) a bag).
Passionate
This voice is distinguished by its set of derivational suffixes. So, the passive participle (examples: sought, ground) in the present tense is formed using:
- - om - – attracted om th
- - eating - – unforgettable eating
- - im - – hung im th.
In this case, the first two suffixes (“om” and “em”) are used only in those participles that were formed from verbs with the first conjugation. “They” are written only when the basis was the verb in the second conjugation.
In the past tense, this part of speech is used with suffixes:
- - nn - – baked
- - nn - – solder nn th
- - t - – colo t th
It must be remembered that the past participles (their examples were given above) in full form will always have two letters n: bring - brought. In short, there is only one: struck - struck.
Debriefing plan
After studying each part of speech, students, as a rule, begin to analyze it. It is carried out according to a certain plan and is calledmorphological. It includes features characteristic of a particular group of speech. Consider how the sacrament is parsed.
Example plan:
Grammar meaning
This item should include information about what morphological load this part of speech carries. As a rule, this is a sign by action.
2. Word formation.
Here it is necessary to give an example of a verb that is the main one, as well as suffixes indicating tense and voice.
3. Permanent signs.
This paragraph lists those features that never change:
- real or passive;
- perfect or imperfect view;
- time (it is worth remembering that the sacrament has no future).
4. Non-permanent signs:
- if we have a passive participle, you must indicate the form in which it is used (full or short);
- case;
- both in full and short forms - gender;
- number.
5. Sentence member.
This plan of morphological analysis is the most commonly used. Some analyze the participle according to a different principle, first highlighting the signs of the adjective, and then the verbs.
Sample
After the above plan, it is necessary to analyze the sacrament itself with examples.
The moon, hidden behind a cloud, dimly illuminated the street.
Let's analyze the word "hidden".
- Gram. – sign by action.
- Hide + vsh.
- Permanent signs:
- actual (self-performing action by the moon)
- perfect look;
- hid (when?) yesterday - past. temp.
4. Non-permanent signs:
- named. case;
- w. gender;
- unit number.
5. In the sentence, this word is part of a separate definition, which is expressed here by participle turnover. Accordingly, the syntactic role of the word "hidden" is a definition.
Thus we learned what features the sacrament has. Now, using this information, it will not be difficult to perform a morphological analysis of the described part of speech.
