From practice, we know that the greatest difficulties in writing are the options for choosing the spelling "not" with different parts of speech. Let us consider in detail one of the specific cases - the spelling "not" with nouns. First, let's find out exactly how this negative particle with an independent part of speech can be written.
There are only two versions - either it is written separately or together, being part of the word itself, its morpheme, acts as a prefix (a unit of morphemic before the root).
In order to decide on the task of "spelling "not" with nouns", you need to know the difference in the categories of the most mentioned part of speech, as this largely affects the choice - together or still separate!
The noun includes a huge number of word forms, different in semantics, in grammatical features. Words that have a common semantic orientation and functionally serve to express a certain range of phenomena, are included in one category, constitute a lexical and grammatical category. In connection with the considered rule of writing "not" with nouns,we are interested in such a view as concrete and abstract concepts.
They differ in the relation of the designated words to reality. Specific nouns are characterized by the fact that they denote objects, phenomena presented in our actual reality. Simply put, these are words-names that exist concretely, and they (at least theoretically) can be touched, imagined their appearance, characterized by properties. For example: elephant, pen, paper, wall, ring, birch, window, bear, plant, snow.
Such nouns are most often characterized by number pairs (road - roads, flower - flowers). Abstract nouns are words denoting not so much objects as abstract phenomena and concepts of reality. For example: honesty, faith, kindness, courage, height, swimming, grief, meeting, sincerity, memory, feat, responsibility. As a rule, they do not have correlative numerical forms, that is, they are in the singular or only in the plural.
Returning to the topic of writing "not" with nouns and based on the above material, let's remember the first rule: "not" with specific objects, objects should be written separately (not a chair, not a suitcase, not a wolf, not a hut, not acacia). And with the abstract series of this part of speech - both together and separately. We will write together in such cases:
- when it is impossible to use a word without a negative particle (malfunctions, shortcomings, shortcomings, absurdity);
-if there are options to replace a lexeme with “not” with an expression or concept that is close in meaning (ignorance - lack of education, enemy - enemy, failure - failure).
Separate cases of writing "not" with nouns:
- when two homogeneous members are opposed in the context, and this opposition is formally expressed by the union "a" (not joy, but trouble; not success, but failure);
- if the negation is logically underlined by combinations of words: not at all, not at all, not at all, far from, absolutely not, etc. (not at all courage, not resourcefulness at all).
So, remembering this simple algorithm, in the future, with a detailed study of the spelling of the negative particle “not” with nouns, as well as with adjectives, participles and adverbs, we will be able to orient ourselves much faster and not make mistakes.
