Scientific and educational story - what is it? Popularization of scientific knowledge about the surrounding world is a necessary link in the education system. It makes it possible to convey complex information about the content of various branches of science (natural and humanitarian) in an accessible form, in literary language. Popular science literature includes biographies of historical figures, figures of science and culture, and travel stories, stories about nature and physical phenomena, historical events.
Optimal Genre
To be more specific, in relation to the child's consciousness, which is just beginning to master the variety of phenomena and objects known by man, then for the development of needs, first of all, scientific and educational literature is necessary. It can be represented by various genre formations. The simplest andthe most appropriate for children's perception is the story. Compact in volume, it allows you to focus on any one topic, on homogeneous phenomena, choosing the most characteristic ones.
Artistic or informative?
Story as a genre involves narrative, plot, consistent presentation of facts or events. The story should be interesting, contain intrigue, unexpected, vivid image.
What is a scientific and educational story, and how does it differ from a fictional story? The latter does not aim to convey any accurate information about the surrounding world, although it cannot but be present there. An artistic story creates, first of all, an artistic image of the world, based on both knowledge and fiction.
The writer uses factual material known to him not to acquaint someone with it and replenish knowledge about the subject, but, firstly, to create a convincing image (draw in a word), and secondly, to express his attitude to the depicted realities: their feelings, thoughts - and infect the reader with them. That is to express your creativity.
To what category can M. Prishvin's prose miniatures about nature be attributed? "Gadgets" - an artistic or scientific and educational story? Or his "Top Melters", "The Talking Rook"?
On the one hand, the author absolutely authentically describes in detail the appearance and habits of the birds. On the other hand, he composesthe dialogue that titmouse-gadgets allegedly conduct among themselves, and very clearly makes it clear what surprise and admiration these birds evoke in him. He speaks in the same spirit in other stories. Of course, these are artistic stories, especially since, in general, they form a broad mosaic picture, which allows us to evaluate them in the categories of artistic natural philosophy. But you can’t refuse them in the cognitive sense either.
Fiction and educational literature
A number of specialists in literary criticism and teaching literature at school introduce such a concept as artistic and educational literature. Of course, the stories of M. Prishvin, as well as those of V. Bianchi, N. Sladkov, fully fit into this concept, correspond to it.
This example clearly shows that the concept of "scientific cognitive story" can hardly have a precisely defined and limited scope. Strictly speaking, it must be admitted that its functions serve primarily educational purposes. What matters is not only the content - certain information necessary for assimilation, but also how it is organized, how it is communicated to the reader.
What is a science story? Its features
A scientific and educational work reveals its theme from historical positions, in development and in logical interconnection. Thus, it contributes to the formation of logical thinking, helps to realize the causal relationship between phenomena. Clever storytelling can assist in the transition from objective thinking to operating with abstract concepts.
It is designed to introduce into the mental everyday life of a child (or teenager) an idea of the special terminology used in a particular branch of knowledge. Moreover, this should happen in stages: from disclosing the content of a strict scientific concept to more complex texts using certain terminology.
A scientific and educational story stimulates the student to master special reference literature, helps to learn how to use encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books in various fields of knowledge. It contributes to the creation of a clear understanding of the system of reference manuals that clearly reveal the terminology or essence of the subject of interest.
Informative literature and education
Expanding the volume of knowledge, the informative base of the emerging personality and at the same time cultivating intellectual activity, stimulating mental growth - this is what a scientific and educational story is. Skillfully and talentedly composed text of the story necessarily affects the emotional sphere. Only a machine can operate with “pure”, “naked” knowledge.
Assimilation of the material is much more successful against the background of interest. A scientific cognitive story should cause a desire to read something new, form a desire for knowledge. Therefore, a personal attitude, a personal author's intonation - and this is a feature of fiction - is still a necessary component of such a work.
The inevitability of an artistic bias
Here we arewill have to return to the comparison of fiction and scientific-cognitive literature. Its elements, illustrativeness, descriptiveness, the creation of a verbal picture and, above all, the presence of an emotional aura and individual intonation endow the work with an educational function. They awaken curiosity in the little reader, help to determine the value attitude to the world around, with value orientations.
Therefore, artistic and educational literature is indispensable for perception at an early school age. There is no impassable abyss between these two types of educational literature. Artistic and educational stories correspond to the very first step of the educational process, it precedes the reading of scientific and educational stories.
Science story (definition)
So what is it? A scientific and educational story is a kind of teaching aid introduced into the educational process since the mid-70s as an extracurricular reading. At the same time, a methodology for using this literature was developed, methods for assimilating and memorizing it, and ways to motivate reading were worked out. Its functions are defined: cognitive, communicative, aesthetic.
The authors of such works, for their part, use various techniques that make it easier to understand and remember the information presented. The narrative is built in the form of questions and answers, in the form of a dialogue with the reader. Author narrating fromfirst person, acts as a mentor, friend, adviser. A scientific and educational story is also a guide to performing various experiments and experiments, it includes their description and instructions.
Know thyself
Man as an object of knowledge, as a biological and social phenomenon, as well as natural history, the history of society - all this is also a subject of study. A scientific and educational story about a person can be devoted to an infinite number of topics.
The primary need for the younger generation is to imbue the norms of social morality created by generations of people, on which human solidarity rests. Such material is provided, for example, by stories about great people of the past, national leaders, politicians, geniuses of science and culture - all those who created human civilization.
