How to write an abstract? Many people ask this question, because the so-called "summary" ("description" from English) may be needed both for an article, and for a program or for any project. Depending on the details, the annotation may have special requirements. We will consider them.
What is annotation
As mentioned above, annotation is a description. This word comes from the Latin counterpart, meaning "remark". That's why a brief description is considered another definition of annotation.
How to write an abstract
So you've already done some writing work. Now it needs to be properly formatted. How to write an abstract for a work? Now you will understand that this is not a problem at all. The main thing is to adhere to the basic rules and the following tips:
- include a description of the main theme;
- be brief and to the point;
- highlight the main thing;
- tell the essence of the work without going intokey details;
- intrigue.
What you need to know before writing an abstract
As a person is greeted by clothes, so a scientific article is greeted by annotation. Its task is to show that the author is able to systematize and analyze information, as well as briefly, coherently and clearly present it. How to write an abstract for an article so that the work looks as presentable as possible?
It is recommended to insert the following speech turns:
- This article argues…
- Article introduces research…
- Especial attention is focused on…
- Distinguishing and describing characteristics…
- The relevance of this article is…
- The author traces the formation…
- Justification provided for…
- Views on…
It is important to emphasize in the annotation what the innovation of the work is, how it stands out among others, why it is worth reading.
Examples
Let's consider an example of how to write an abstract for an article (the work contains space elevator projects):
"This work is an analysis of the latest achievements in the field of space aerotechnics. Possible projects for the development of space elevators are systematized. Based on these data, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the models are given."
Summary of the economic article:
"The article introduces research in the fieldpublic funding and public procurement. The reorganization of this process is proposed. The conclusions are made on the basis of an analysis of the financing of the education and he alth care systems of such states as the USA, Britain and Korea. A comparison of the economic reforms of the Russian Federation and these countries is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between economic processes in Russia and its mentality".
To the project
Actually, how to write an abstract for a project is not too different from how to write a summary for a scientific paper. In both cases, innovation is a prerequisite. This means that in the annotation, first of all, it should be indicated that the author brought something new with his work. The difference is that the abstract to the project is usually larger and more voluminous than to the article.
Annotations are written in the same style as the work was done. It must contain all information clearly and concisely. For a project, this means:
- indicate subject;
- the essence of the project is the purpose of its writing;
- what problems does it analyze, what does it focus on;
- what are the results of the study/analysis;
- conclusions based on the work done.
Example
Since projects can be completely different, their abstracts can also be very different. In order to know how to write an annotation correctly, it is better to consider a couple of examples.
Example for an economic project:
- The objective of the project: the formation of an experimentala product that allows increasing the degree of we alth of the residents of the area.
- Introduce new demand-driven banking and process adoption.
Project issues:
- Professional activity in the financial sector.
- Data analysis and bank service practices as a basis for acquiring research experience.
- Summarizing and forming summaries in the reporting form.
Project content:
- Collect and categorize types of bank services for residents.
- Based on the survey, draw conclusions about the need for banking services in a particular region.
- Reveal the shortcomings of the present approach.
Project Completion:
- As a result of the project, the research team submits a report on the work done, indicating the results and conclusions.
- Each member of the team demonstrates their own ideas about banking, coordinating them with the leader of the group.
Example of annotation for a course project:
The purpose of the course design was, first of all, to compile a program that is convenient for use by a simple layman.
The program was compiled in accordance with the requirements set out in the course design assignment, the teacher's wishes and the logical conclusions on the application of this program by the subsequent user.
An equally important goal of the term paperdesign was to polish the student's skills as a future C++ programmer, develop his understanding of the requirements and wishes of potential customers, the ability to think logically and work within the specified time limits.
When solving the presented problem, the BorlandC++Builder6Full software package was used.
Each part of the program was developed step by step:
- enter the required string variables in the appropriate fields;
- description of the operation of the buttons for editing, translation, exit and adding a new word;
- marking the conditions for displaying the translation of the entered word, indicating the fields where the translation is displayed;
- in addition, the program is linked to two text files containing a list of English and Russian words in the appropriate order, it is possible to expand the lists using the same program.
In the BorlandC++Builder6Full software package, a dialog box form was developed, the purpose of each of the buttons and input/output windows on this form was defined.
As a result, a program was compiled that translates the word entered by the user or displays a message that such a word is not in the database. The user has the right to add it himself or not add it (by choice). In the development of the program, possible cases of entering more than one word in a different order were taken into account.
To the program
In this case, the program is understood as an educational plan, that is, a work program for the discipline. This raises the question: how to write an annotation for the program?
It should contain:
- normative documents according to which it is drawn up;
- the purpose of the academic discipline, and how many hours are allocated for it;
- distribution by topic or list of main sections;
- how certification is carried out, how often, at what time.
Important point: the compiler of such annotation is not indicated. It is also necessary to distinguish between the concepts of an explanatory note and a summary. The first is larger.
Conclusions
The article describes how to write an abstract for an article, project and program. When composing any description, you should keep in mind what the annotation means. In essence, it is an answer to the question, what is the document to which it was written. This means that there is no place for empty reasoning "not on the case", but only a dry and brief summary of the facts.
