The definition of "optimal working conditions" includes a listing of such working aspects that directly or indirectly determine the he alth status of a particular person and his standard of living, the quality of everyday life. This concept is considered by the current legislation of our state, the regulatory documents establish a division into categories and parameters that allow classifying a particular workplace as a specific group.
General provisions
Currently, in our country, optimal working conditions at the workplace can be classified taking into account existing factors in such a way that, according to the result, the object can be attributed to one of four main groups:
- optimal;
- valid;
- malicious;
- dangerous.
Best for the best
Only people hired for a first-class position can count on creating optimal working conditions in the workplace. They won't have to deal with unsafe or malicious factors. In some cases, this is possiblebut the influence of these aspects is minimized. The law allows the presence of a harmful factor within the limits of sanitation and hygiene standards declared by the current legislation. At the same time, they analyze whether it poses a danger to a particular person. An employee can work in such conditions when his efficiency is maximum, an environment has been created to increase this indicator.
Of course, not all employed individuals within our country can count on the creation of optimal working conditions. Most of the professions do not allow working in such an environment, people are constantly faced with various danger factors. But valuable workers in a certain group of enterprises (see examples below) can successfully work precisely in such optimal conditions, when the entire surrounding space is created in order to achieve a comfortable state for them to be productive.
And we have - like everyone else. Or not?
Optimal, permissible, harmful working conditions - the opportunity to work in these categories is preferable in comparison with dangerous jobs. Most of our fellow citizens are involved in enterprises where acceptable working conditions have been created for them. But harmful ones are such a special case when you can already count on some privileges.
It is customary to refer to harmful conditions that have a negative impact on the life of a particular individual, the level and state of his he alth. Harmful factors are destructive, theirthe impact is severely adverse. Over time, under the influence of harmful factors, the organic systems of our body begin to function incorrectly, chronic pathologies become aggravated, and acute ones develop. Workers forced to work in such conditions live less than those who managed to get into optimal working conditions.
Work factors
To evaluate a particular workplace, it is necessary to analyze all the factors of working conditions. They are spoken about in the analysis of various aspects that have a joint influence on each other and regulate both the vital activity of the human body and the state of its he alth. Currently, it is customary to talk about four main factors, on the basis of which it is possible to determine whether working conditions are optimal, acceptable, or whether it will be harmful or even dangerous.
Starting from the beginning
The primary factor to be assessed is the economic and social conditions in which a particular worker finds himself. It analyzes what status the individual involved in solving problems in the enterprise receives. At the same time, attention is paid to the postulates of labor legislation and regulations related to organizational issues. Optimal working conditions imply decent pay, all others - in descending order less and less. The better the human environment will be, the better the situation is determined and the safety of the employee is ensured. Social and economic aspects include preferential programs,warranty, compensation.
The second most important and priority analysis is an organizational factor that obliges to take into account the technical aspects of a particular workplace. Under its influence, the material and material aspects of the work process are formed. This includes the items used in the work, the employee's tools, as well as the features of production processes and the organization of work. At the same time, optimal working conditions imply well-functioning production and reasonable management, but all the rest require a gradual decrease in the quality level of these aspects.
What else matters?
When analyzing whether it is possible to say about a particular place that it is optimal, the working conditions are created just like that, it is necessary to evaluate the natural aspects. Climate, geographical features of the region, geological specificity and biological - all these factors play a role. If the production is located in a human-friendly area, we can talk about optimal or acceptable working conditions, but, for example, workers in the Far North and equivalent regions cannot count on this.
Finally, you need to analyze the living conditions and features of managing within the workplace. Attention is paid to the extent to which the surrounding spaces correspond to ideas about sanitation and hygiene, what is the living environment and how the food of workers is organized. A complete analysis of all aspects of everyday life allows you to evaluate the quality of the place and the conditions that affect labor productivity.
Features of the classificationsystems
It is customary to talk about three classes of work environment, for each of them there are additional subgroups. The most attractive option for employment is a safe environment. This is organized in the form of optimal working conditions (a profession, for example, a programmer, if the enterprise has correctly designed the workplace) or acceptable. If work factors can adversely affect the worker, their impact is strictly minimized, therefore, in the general case, a person does not even get tired if he observes the work regime.
At the same time, it should be noted that many firms officially provide employees with places with favorable working conditions, which in reality are transformed into acceptable, if not worse. This is due to processing, non-compliance with the standards prescribed in the documentation. If this situation arises, to protect your rights, you can contact the labor inspectorate. If an employee does not agree with the assignment of his place of employment to a specific group of working conditions, it makes sense to seek help from state institutions responsible for protecting the rights of workers.
About the bad
A harmful working environment is one that can provoke pathologies, malfunctions of the body in a chronic form, as well as a temporary disruption of the activity of organs and systems. In harmful conditions, it is possible to encounter pathologies that are caused by the work process, but it is even worse for those who are already sick with something: existing diseases in suchconditions are actively progressing.
The last category is traumatic. These are the conditions of the work process, when the very life of the worker is at risk. In addition, he alth can be significantly affected. Risk accompanies only the working period of the day.
About sanitation
There is a classification of the conditions in which workers work, taking into account hygienic aspects. At the same time, attention is paid to the specific aspects of the work process. The main task of the employer is to minimize negative factors so that the production aspects are friendly to the worker. With regard to this type of classification, the optimal working conditions are those that allow the employee to maintain the existing level of he alth, as well as increase efficiency in the process of employment.
The category of permissible conditions includes such conditions when there are unsafe, frankly harmful factors, but their impact on human he alth is relatively small and fits into the sanitary standards declared by law. The he alth of the worker, the level of his ability to work from day to day deteriorate towards the end of the period of employment, but are fully restored by the beginning of a new day.
And about sad things
From a hygienic point of view, harmful are workplaces where there is a sufficient variety of harmful factors, due to which the impact on human he alth is quite strong. Activities also have a negative impact on various life processes. In addition to the employee himself, the negative consequences will beand on reproductive function, heredity, genetic information passed on to children.
Finally, such conditions can be classified as extreme when a person's vital activity is oppressed. In the workplace, people are under the influence of factors that are dangerous to them, there is a risk of injury and illness, and existing pathologies (in a chronic form) are aggravated due to external conditions.
Work: better in comfort
It is difficult to give specific examples of optimal working conditions. Within the same profession, some enterprises organize work in accordance with the above rules and regulations, while others neglect them. Employees of modern large firms are in the best conditions if employers understand the relationship between a person’s working capacity and the productivity of his working day.
It is believed that the most comfortable conditions in which office workers work. But even here there are limitations: each person must have personal space, equipment, lighting level, otherwise, activities can lead to negative he alth consequences, including disorders of the musculoskeletal system, psyche, and visual system. On the other hand, by default, some professions cannot be in optimal working conditions, if they are, say, miners or firefighters who regularly face danger to life, or people involved in jobs in the regions of the Far North.
Productionfactors
Taking into account these features allows us to divide all working conditions into three large categories. These are physical, chemical and biological. Under the latter it is customary to understand the need to contact with a variety of microscopic life forms, protein preparations, cells, spores contained in the products and capable of surviving in such conditions. Chemical factors - poisonous compounds, both natural and synthetic.
Physical aspects of the work process - the climate and related features of the work. The level of humidity, temperature, electromagnetic environment, air circulation are taken into account. When analyzing working conditions, they pay attention to whether workers are forced to work under the influence of ultraviolet or radio wave radiation, thermal or microwave radiation, and so on and so forth. In relation to the room, it is necessary to assess the level of dustiness and illumination, the noise level of the space.
And about work
When assessing how optimal working conditions are, it is necessary to analyze the severity of the processes in which the employee is involved. To identify the features of physical work, it is necessary to assess the energy expenditure and the type of loads that the worker faces. Separately, estimates are given to dynamics, separately - to statics. It is important to know the overall level of stress on the muscles. Under optimal conditions, the work is easy, but under acceptable conditions, it is medium. Finally, the need to work hard forces one to classify the workplace as dangerous or harmful.
