The introduction of new standards in modern education has led to a change in approaches to the educational process. Old methods do not allow the development of the child's personality. They give only subject knowledge, without affecting personal abilities. Consideration of methods and characteristics of educational activities will help to see how much the quality of education of younger students has changed.
Changing the curriculum
The introduction of the federal state educational standard has led to a complete transformation of organizational and methodological activities both in the field of management and in the organization of the learning process in each individual grade of elementary school. The functions of the participants in the education system and the sequence of interactions between them have changed. The main types of educational activities of students according to the Federal State Educational Standard contribute to obtaining the necessary skills applicable in later life.
Fundamental changes have taken place in the management of the school institution, which have affected all areas - from the preparation of basic documents to the organization of nutrition for students andinteraction between teachers and parents. Considerable attention will be paid to the development of a holistic educational environment and material and technical base in the school.
The result of the introduction of new standards was the need to write a new educational program for primary general education. How did it show up? It required the development of educational activities with the participation of the entire teaching staff, a reassessment of the work programs of educational and extracurricular activities and the development of new schemes for analyzing lessons.
Achievements of students have become a controlled object for the administration of educational institutions. All the main types of educational activities of students according to FOGS are controlled, children must develop comprehensively. To do this, you should check the intermediate, cumulative and final results of the learning process. Subject, meta-subject and personal learning outcomes are becoming the main indicator of the success of the program.
Features of learning activities
The main types of learning activities of students according to the GEF are described in this document, and an important role is given to the introduction of universal learning activities (UUD). A distinctive feature of the innovation is an active character, the main purpose of which is the formation of the child's personality. The current education system is moving away from the traditional view of learning outcomes in the form of acquired knowledge, skills and abilities. The wording of the standard indicates the actual activities that the student must master by the end of primary education. Requirements for learning outcomes are expressed in the form of personal,metasubject and subject results.
What is UUD? In a broad sense, the term "universal learning activities" refers to the ability to learn. This means that the student forms the ability for self-development and self-improvement as a result of the conscious and energetic acquisition of new experience. In a narrower sense, the term UUD can be defined as a set of methods of student action that ensure the independent assimilation of new knowledge and the formation of skills. This also covers the organizational process of learning activities. Proper planning according to the Federal State Educational Standard will make it easier for teachers and help students develop their abilities.
UUD and their categories
Universal educational activities help develop the child's personality, contribute to the formation of his thinking, develop abilities and bring up high moral standards. They take education in Russia to a whole new level and reflect the transition from an industrial education system to a new generation system. This training is based on modern knowledge of psychology and innovative methods.
There are four categories that require development as a result of learning activities using universal learning activities: personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative. How to develop all these qualities during the lessons? What skills should the child acquire as a result of the education received? Let's consider in order what this or that skill will lead to.
Regulatory action
In general terms, everythingunderstand what it is, but what is the ability to learn?
Regulatory action involves the ability to set a specific goal, plan your life and predict acceptable circumstances. In what discipline at school do students learn to set problems and find their solution? Of course it's math. Learning to solve complex mathematical examples and problems, schoolchildren, unfortunately, do not learn independence. This knowledge does not help them in overcoming actual problems.
What problems arise already at school age? For example, the problem of delivery of DH. Parents who worry about their child hire tutors, spend time and money preparing for exams. And what would happen if the student had the ability to independently organize their learning activities? As a result, he could safely prepare for the exams himself.
Today, the program of educational activities allows the development of regulative abilities in a student with the help of UUD. A student from primary school learns to correctly set goals for himself, without exaggeration to assess the level of his knowledge and skills, and to find the most elementary way to solve a problem.
Today, the information we need is freely available on the Internet. And in order to teach a child to use it, it is necessary to radically change the approach of teachers to the organization of the educational process. The main thing in our time is to know how to use this information.
What is needed for thisknow the teacher? Instead of the old summary, it is now necessary to prepare a scenario plan of action, which gives considerable freedom and determines the consistent activities of schoolchildren. More intensively when planning a lesson, group and pair forms of organizing students' classes should be used.
For example, the orientation program in mathematics provides for a significant increase in active forms of work aimed at involving students in the mathematical process. They must understand the mathematical material, acquire practical skills and be able to present their reasoning and evidence. Along with this, it pays attention to the use of computers and information technology to enhance the visual and experiential component of learning.
Our life is unpredictable. It is likely that after some time, when entering a university or other educational institution, a student will need the knowledge that is currently taught in school in a small amount. So that the child does not get confused in such circumstances, he needs to master universal educational actions. The ability to learn is vital in today's society. This is the key to normal adjustment in the world, as well as professional career growth.
Cognitive abilities
Planned planning of educational activities helps the child to develop cognitive abilities. He learns to comprehend and study the world around him. To do this, the teacher needs to teach the student not only general educational activities, such as setting goals, working with information and modeling situations, but alsoteach them to think logically - to analyze, compare, classify or prove their own point of view.
Often interest in learning comes from doing research on a topic. A child, turning into a little scientist, must independently find the necessary information, conduct a thorough observation, summarize his activities, and also evaluate his personal result himself. This method can be used in any lesson.
What will it give? Along with the emergence of an interest in knowledge, which often disappears during the period of study, the child develops the ability to be open-minded about the fruits of his labor.
It helps a lot in research activities when a child compiles his portfolio. This word is often heard in today's world. In fact, these are the results of learning activities. What should a portfolio look like? The main page should contain information about its owner. It contains photographs of him and his friends, relatives, as well as a story about himself. Then the student chooses a topic of interest to him and on the following pages reveals it as extensively as possible.
This process develops in the child an interest in learning and, of course, a craving for knowledge. By directly compiling his own portfolio, the student learns to work with information, looks for ways to get new information, analyze the collected data, compares, puts forward his theories.
Thus, a student who only mechanically memorizes school material and carries out actions following the example of a teacher often does notcomprehending the meaning, the student gradually turns into an enterprising person, a self-developing personality.
Communicative actions
These are the most important qualities that a student must develop, starting from the first grades. His whole future life will depend on this. It is thematic planning with types of educational activities that will allow him to learn how to cooperate with the team. So he acquires the ability to enter into a conversation, participate in a joint discussion of issues, clearly formulate his thoughts, justify his statements and take into account the point of view of other people.
Not all children have developed communication skills, and often isolation or, conversely, assertiveness leads to conflicts. The teacher should purposefully teach students how to properly defend their views, reasonably convince another person, and also be able to negotiate with an opponent. It is required to teach the younger generation to build friendly relationships with the team, to be able to find a solution in conflict situations, to provide assistance, as well as to effectively acquire knowledge and acquire the necessary skills in cooperation with peers. It is important for students to learn how to reach an agreement with each other. This is necessary when studying in groups, and will also be very useful in later life when solving problems at work and in the family.
Personal qualities
Learning personal universal skills, the child successfully accepts the norms of behavior in the world around him, learns to fairly evaluate himself andtheir actions. Each of us lives in our own environment, and the ability to get along in it with other people is the key to a fulfilling life. This is the moral aspect: to be able to empathize, provide mutual assistance, be responsive to your family.
However, for this, the child needs to learn to understand what feelings his classmate, friend or relative may feel in certain conditions. He must be able to see that the person next to him needs, for example, emotional support, and maybe physical help. For example, helping a sick grandmother around the house or helping a friend walk the dog.
Also, the student learns to independently resist actions and influences that pose a threat to his life and he alth. From a practical point of view, for a happy existence, the student should understand what speci alties are most in demand today, and in what area he will better show his abilities and be a useful member of society. GEF planning will help develop all these qualities.
Innovation for high school students
The innovations included in the GEF project for secondary general education is a decrease in the number of disciplines in high school by several times. Currently, students in grades 10-11 master about 21 subjects. The GEF training plan will reduce their number to 12.
In view of the new standards, the school intends to keep six subject areas for high school students, of which preference should be givenwill be the seven items they need. Compulsory disciplines will also remain, such as physical education, life safety and Russia in the World.
Each of the preferred subjects will have three levels of study: integrated, basic and specialized. It is planned that five hours a week should be allocated to the profile level, and three hours each to the basic and integrated levels.
As a result, the curriculum for high school students will have three core subjects, three compulsory and three basic or integrated levels, and as a result there will be 33 hours a week. This will prevent a considerable amount of unnecessary knowledge and repetition. Personal projects of schoolchildren will be introduced into the types of educational activities in the lesson.
Group work
Unlike the previous system, the formation of educational activities at school requires a group form of education. This involves the organization of small groups in the classroom. The following forms of group cooperation are distinguished:
- Pair form - this means that two students do some work together. This form of learning activity is used to achieve any instructive goal - it can be the study and consolidation of lesson materials, as well as testing each other's knowledge. Also, working in pairs gives students the opportunity to reflect on the set task, exchange thoughts with a partner, and only then announce the results of their activities in front of the whole class. It promotes speaking, communication, persuasion and discussion skills.
- Cooperative-group is a form of organizing learning in small groups of students connected by one common learning goal. Such an organization of educational activities enables the teacher to direct the work of any student indirectly, through the tasks set. The group in this case implements a part of the common goal for the whole class, and it also introduces and defends the completed task in the process of collective discussion. The main conclusions from such a discussion become fundamental for the whole class and are written in a notebook by all those present.
- The individual-group form provides for the division of the educational task between the members of the group, when each of its members does their part. The results of the implementation are first discussed and evaluated in the group, and then submitted for analysis by the entire class and the teacher.
Extracurricular activities
The standard involves the implementation of both classroom and extracurricular activities in an educational institution. Extracurricular activities according to the Federal State Educational Standards are organized according to the directions of personality formation. It can be sports and recreation, spiritual and moral, social, general intellectual and general cultural activities. For the implementation of such installations, the teacher will require great attention to each student. As a matter of fact, the content of such classes should be created taking into account the wishes of students and their parents.
What can be included in such classes? They mayinclude personal and group consultations, for example, on individual subjects for children of various categories. It is also possible to arrange excursions, hobby groups, round tables, conferences, debates, school scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, and various studies. Characteristics of learning activities will help determine the preferences of students and create the kind of activities that will help develop personality.
Methodological recommendations
The proposed methodological recommendations will help to take into account all the main types of educational activities of students according to the GEF.
The teacher in the lesson focuses on the developmental value of each task, applies specialized developmental techniques, the correct formulation of questions. Notices the student's progress in comparison to their previous performance and does not compare them with their classmates.
The teacher explains for what purpose certain knowledge is needed, how it can be useful in life. It is necessary to attract schoolchildren to replenish the stock of knowledge when studying new material. Teach group work techniques, show how you can come to a common solution in group work, learn how to resolve educational conflicts.
A teacher teaches self-examination in class, showing students how to find and fix mistakes. Children can learn according to the proposed algorithm, evaluate the results of the task, while the teacher shows and certainly explains why this or that mark was put.
The teacher teaches children the skills they will need to work with information -retelling, drawing up a plan, using a variety of sources: reference books, dictionaries and the Internet. Attention should be focused on the formation of logical thinking abilities, various aspects of cognitive activity. The teacher directs students' attention to collective ways of acting in different situations.
The teacher uses project forms of work in the lesson. Extracurricular activities according to the Federal State Educational Standard help schoolchildren to better use the acquired knowledge in practice. The teacher teaches the child to make a moral choice in the framework of working with valuable material and its consideration. The educator should have a desire to find ways to captivate children with knowledge.
This list of methods can be continued for a long time - the main types of educational activities of students according to the Federal State Educational Standard affect the entire process of school education. It is necessary for absolutely all teachers to adjust to the new standards: both primary and senior classes. Students will be helped to develop their abilities only by universal learning activities that they will apply throughout the learning process, as well as in their personal lives.
