The grammar of the Russian language includes three sections: word formation, morphology and syntax. Today we will look at one of them, namely morphology.
The word "morphology" came from the ancient Greek language, in literal translation it means the science of form, the doctrine of form, that is, the study of the construction of word forms. In the usual school curriculum, morphology is studied rather superficially, and teachers do not focus much on this area of linguistics. The article was written specifically for those who want to study in more depth what morphology and morphological parsing of a word are, or simply improve their cultural level and learn a lot of interesting things.
Let's start with the story. What is morphology, they knew even in the ancient Indian grammatical tradition. Then people already understood such concepts as "part ofspeech", "declension" or "conjugation". But the word "morphology" (and with it science) arose only at the end of the nineteenth century thanks to the German poet, statesman and thinker Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who described living and inanimate nature " forms". Later, German linguists decided to borrow this "idea of classification" and describe the language in the same way. This is how the terms "morphology", "morpheme" and "morphological analysis of the word" appeared.
Morphology can be considered as a necessary, but at the same time non-universal and controversial discipline, as it studies the structure of a grammar unit - a word, or rather word forms, which, in turn, do not exist in all languages. And therefore, not everyone knows what morphology is, and not every language needs this science.
Word forms are very firmly and rigidly interconnected, this distinguishes morphology from other sections of grammar. It very accurately describes the origin, composition, structure of the word.
Now more about morphological parsing. Today we will consider only the morphological analysis of the noun and the adjective. To parse a noun, you just need to follow a simple scheme:
- Specify initial form.
- Determine the character, common noun or proper name.
- Indicate animate or inanimate.
- Specify gender.
- Specify declination.
- Specify number.
- Indicate case.
- Determine the syntactic role of a noun in a sentence.
To parse an adjective, a similar pattern applies:
- Define initial shape.
- Specify rank.
- Specify form (full/short).
- Indicate the degree of comparison.
- Specify gender.
- Specify number.
- Indicate case.
- Determine the syntactic role of an adjective in a sentence.
Now you know what morphology and morphological parsing of a word are. In fact, every self-respecting person needs to know the meaning of these elementary concepts. It would seem that what is simpler: the modern Russian language, morphology, word formation, syntax, grammar, phonetics, and so on. This knowledge characterizes you as an educated and erudite personality, and such qualities have always been highly valued, valued and will be valued in our society. Therefore, learn your native language and always try to learn something new and interesting!
