Everyone who is interested in the history of the Soviet Union knows about the decoding of the CHIASSR. This is the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It was the official administrative-territorial unit of the RSFSR from 1936 to 1944 and from 1957 to 1993. The capital of the republic is Grozny.
Founding History
Deciphering CHIASSR was known to everyone who lived in the Soviet Union. This republic had two stages in history. The first of them began shortly before the Great Patriotic War. At the very end of 1936, a new Stalinist constitution was adopted. It was in it that the provisions were contained, according to which the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Region was withdrawn from the North Caucasus Territory. This is how the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed, and then the decoding of the CHIASSR became known.
Shortly after the outbreak of World War II, a small part of this region was occupied by German troops, and remained in this position throughout 1942 and 1943.
In 1944 one of thethe most unpleasant pages in the history of the Chechens and Ingush, when the authorities officially accused them of collaborationism. They were suspected of deliberate and voluntary cooperation with the enemy to the detriment of their state and in its interests. As a rule, this term is used in a narrower sense, implying cooperation with the occupiers.
As punishment for this, the local population was massively deported to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan as part of Operation Lentil. And in March of the same year, the Chechen-Ingush Republic was abolished, and the decoding of the CHIASSR had to be forgotten for a while. As a result, the Grozny District appeared, which became part of the Stavropol Territory. The Nozhai-Yurtovsky, Vedensky, Cheberloevsky, Sayasanovsky, Sharoevsky and Kurchaloevsky regions were included in the Dagestan Republic. By decision of the Presidium of the RSFSR, the district was abolished, and the former territory of the republic became the Grozny region. The abolition of the CHIASSR was officially approved by the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, its mention was excluded from the constitution of 1937.
Second life
In fact, the second life of the republic began shortly after Stalin's death, in 1957. It was restored by decrees of the presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Union and the RSFSR. It is noteworthy that this time it was formed within significantly larger boundaries than when it was abolished. In particular, it included the Shelkovsky and Naursky districts, which were transferred in 1944 to the Grozny region from the Stavropol Territory. Mostly Russians lived there.population. Interestingly, the Prigorodny district, which was previously part of it, remained within the borders of North Ossetia. After restoration, the area of the republic was 19,300 square kilometers.
The decision of the presidium was approved by the Supreme Council in February 1957, the corresponding article was returned to the Soviet constitution. It formalized the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.
Riots
It should be noted that the situation in the region remained extremely tense. For example, in mountains. Grozny Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in August 1958 there were riots that lasted about a week. The reason for them was a murder on ethnic grounds. It all started with a fight between representatives of different nationalities.
On August 23, in the suburbs of Grozny, where workers of the local chemical plant mainly lived, a company of Chechens, which included one Russian guy, drank alcoholic beverages. During the feast, a quarrel broke out between them. Chechen Lulu M altsagov stabbed Russian Vladimir Korotchev in the stomach. After that, the company went to dances at the House of Culture. There was another conflict. This time with plant workers Ryabov and Stepashin. Stepashin was beaten, inflicted five stab wounds, from which he died. There were many witnesses around who called the police. The suspects were detained. At first glance, the crime was publicized due to interethnic tension. All this led to actions against the Chechen population.
Rumors about the murder of a factory worker spread quickly. The youthreacted extremely violently. The murderers were demanded to be severely punished, but the authorities did not react to this in any way. The situation was aggravated by the general political and economic situation in the country, which provoked the behavior of Chechens towards Russians.
On August 25, the workers asked to organize a formal farewell at the factory club, but the authorities considered it inappropriate, fearing a further escalation of the situation. The farewell was organized in the garden in front of his bride's house. It turned into a mass protest rally, spontaneous demonstrations began near Stepashin's coffin. Everyone demanded that measures be taken to stop hooliganism and murders by the Ingush and Chechens.
Speech against Soviet power
August 26, the mourning meeting was banned. Then a group of 200 people advanced to Grozny with the coffin of the deceased. He was supposed to be buried in the city cemetery, the road to which went through the city center. It was planned to stop near the building of the regional committee and hold a mourning meeting there. Many people joined the procession along the way. Gradually, the procession turned into an anti-Chechen demonstration. The authorities blocked the passage to the center of the mountains. Grozny, Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. However, the cordon was broken.
In the evening, the aggressive part of the crowd broke into the building of the regional committee, staged a pogrom in it. The unrest was suppressed only on the evening of August 27, when troops were brought into the city.
Once again, the situation escalated in 1973, when a rally of the Ingush continued for several days in Grozny, who demanded to resolvethe issue of territorial rehabilitation, for example, to return the Prigorodny district, in which the Ingush predominantly lived, to the republic. The rally was dispersed by troops using water cannons.
Disintegration of the Republic
The events that began in 1990 led to the next disintegration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, this time the final one. The Republican Supreme Council adopted a declaration on state sovereignty. In May 1991, the constitution was amended to establish the Chechen-Ingush Soviet Socialist Republic.
In June, at the initiative of Dzhokhar Dudayev, delegates of the First Chechen National Congress gathered in Grozny and proclaimed the formation of the National Congress of the Chechen People. Almost immediately after that, the Chechen Republic of Nokhchi-cho was proclaimed, the leaders of the Supreme Council were declared usurpers.
The situation escalates
The August events in Moscow became the catalyst for a socio-political explosion. After the failure of the GKChP, there were demands for the resignation of the local Supreme Council and for new elections to be held. Dudayev's supporters occupied the parliament, the television center.
During the seizure of the Supreme Council, there was a meeting of the parliament, which was assembled in its entirety, including consultations with business leaders and local clergy. Dudayev and his supporters decided to take the building by storm. It began about a quarter of an hour after the capital's emissaries left the Supreme Council.
Bas a result, about forty deputies were beaten, the separatists threw the chairman of the city council of Grozny Kutsenko out of the window. He was then finished off in the hospital.
At the same time, in fact, the structures of legitimate power on the territory of the republic remained for several more months after the completion of the coup. For example, the regional State Security Committee and the police were abolished only at the very end of 1991. The prosecutor of the republic spent about a week in the basement, who was captured by the rebels when he called Dudayev's actions illegal.
After negotiations with the participation of Khasbulatov, who at that moment was the acting chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, a temporary authority was formed - the Provisional Supreme Council.
On October 1, the division of the republic into Chechen and Ingush was officially announced.
Administrative divisions
After the formation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the republic included 24 districts and one city of regional subordination - Grozny. In 1944, the Novogroznensky and Goragorsky districts were created, which were then liquidated in 1951.
After the restoration of the region in 1957, it included only 16 districts and two cities of republican subordination. The second after Grozny was Malgobek.
In 1990, there were already five cities of republican subordination in the republic - Grozny, Nazran, Gudermes, Malgobek and Argun. There were also 15 districts of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. This is Achkhoy-Martanovsky, Vvedensky,Grozny, Gudermes, Itum-Kalinsky, Malgobek, Nadterechny, Naursky, Nazranovsky, Nozhai-Yurtovsky, Sunzhensky, Urus-Martanovsky, Shalinsky, Shatoevsky, Shelkovsky.
Population
The population of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic increased over the course of the entire 20th century. If in 1939 about 700 thousand people lived on the territory of the republic, then in 1959, shortly after the restoration of the region, the number of local residents remained approximately at the same level.
According to the results of the 1970 census, more than one million people settled in the republic, the peak was reached by 1979, when one million 153 thousand inhabitants lived in the republic. According to the 1989 census, there were one million 275 thousand people in Checheno-Ingushetia.
National composition
As of 1959, the majority of local residents were Russians, about 49 percent, against 34 percent of Chechens. The situation changed dramatically in 1970, when about 48% of Chechens already lived, and 34.5% of Russians remained.
In 1989, almost 58% of Chechens, 23% of Russians, about 13% of Ingush, and a little more than one percent of Armenians lived on the territory of the republic.
Terrible
Throughout this time, Grozny was the capital of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans failed to take it. But they bombed the oil storage and oil fields. The resulting fires were extinguished for several days. Loc althe authorities were able to quickly restore the work of industrial facilities in order to send the necessary oil products to the front and rear.
After the deportation, Grozny in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic became the center of the Grozny district, which was part of the Stavropol Territory. However, a few weeks later the Grozny region was formed. After the rehabilitation of the Ingush and Chechens, the city again turned into the capital of the autonomous republic.
Gudermes
This city has actually been the second most important city in the republic for many years. At the same time, the settlement acquired the status of a city only in 1941. At that time, more than ten thousand people lived in it.
By the end of the existence of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, almost forty thousand inhabitants already lived in Gudermes. At present, the population has increased by fifty-three thousand people. The overwhelming majority of local residents are Chechens. They are over 95 percent. About two percent are Russians, almost one percent of the inhabitants are Kumyks.
