History 2024, December

The war between Russia and Japan, which occurred due to a clash of interests between the two states in the Far East, ended in defeat for Russia. An incorrect assessment of the enemy's forces led to the death of 100 thousand Russian soldiers and sailors, to the loss of the entire Pacific Fleet. The winners established the Japanese medal "Russian-Japanese War of 1904 - 1905" to reward their participants in the battles, and Nicholas II encouraged his army with similar awards. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The question of whether there were psychics in the USSR, worries the public to this day. Kashpirovsky, Longo, Juna, Messing - these names have been raising only one question for more than half a century. This article will try to dispel some myths about people with superpowers that supposedly directly influenced the history of our country. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The period of restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in France lasted from 1814 to 1830. Then the power in the country returned to the representatives of the Bourbon dynasty. It began on April 6, 1814, the day Napoleon abdicated from power. It ended with the July Revolution in 1830. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Railway accidents always lead to horrifying consequences. And unfortunately, Russia, like other countries, has repeatedly experienced the veracity of this statement. Her story can remember more than a dozen disasters that occurred on the railroad tracks. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Appeal to the first person of the state with a request to solve problems that for some reason are unable or unwilling to solve lower authorities is an old Russian custom, the roots of which go back to ancient times. The larger the state became, the more people sought to turn to the king directly. Often attempts to "shout" to the king ended in executions or uprisings. Finally, in 1549, a petition was created by decree of Ivan IV. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

At the beginning of the First World War, the German General A. Schlieffen, who was later called the theoretician of the blitzkrieg, developed a plan for the "lightning" crushing of enemy forces. History has shown that the plan was unsuccessful, but it is worth talking about the reasons for the failure of the blitzkrieg plan in more detail. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

"Golden calf" is an expression that has long been used to describe we alth, the power of money and gold. Let's take a closer look at its history. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan for the past three decades has caused conflicting emotions among many scientists, military and politicians. On the one hand, the operation itself, the key moment of which was the storming of Amin's palace in Kabul, is still a model for the actions of special forces in such situations. On the other hand, it is impossible to consider the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan in isolation from the subsequent aggravation of international tension and the serious problems that have arisen within the USSR. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The Warsaw Pact was established six years after the advent of NATO, in 1955. It is worth saying that close cooperation between the socialist countries existed long before this date. At the same time, relations between states were based on agreements on cooperation and friendship. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The revolution in Russia (1905-1907) is largely connected with the policy pursued by Nicholas II, who decided to follow the path of his father, Alexander III, and further strengthen the autocracy, instead of trying to liberalize Russian society, as he wanted to do grandfather, Alexander II. The latter, however, was killed on the day when he wanted to announce the first semblance of the Russian constitution. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Historians have not come to a consensus on how the Russian clothes of the Proto-Slavic era looked like, since at that time the tribes lived mainly away from trade routes, often in forest areas and isolation. However, there are suggestions that the outfits in those days were simple and fairly monotonous. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Did the enslavement of peasants exist before 1497? The stages of the agricultural cycle do not really promote the active movement of farmers from one site to another. This is due to the fact that it is required to equip a new home, prepare a new plot for crops, and create a food reserve for the first time. Therefore, the free peasantry in that period of time was distinguished by conservativeness and, in fact, did not move very often, although it had the right to do so. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The coming to power of the Bolsheviks was prepared by this political group for a long time. During the revolution of 1905-07. this organization met in London (Mensheviks - in Geneva), where a decision was made on an armed uprising. In general, the Social Democrats already at that time wanted to destroy tsarism by organizing uprisings in the troops (in the Black Sea Fleet, in Odessa) and undermining the financial system (they called for taking deposits from banks and not paying taxes). Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holodomor, unfortunately, can indeed be celebrated in connection with the long-standing miscalculations of the Soviet leadership, as its policy led to a significant shortage of draft power and a significant deterioration in the qualifications of agricultural workers in the most promising regions of the country already by the sowing season of 1931. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Tsar Paul 1 received a very decent education for his time, which he could not put into practice for many years. From the age of four, even under Elizabeth, he was taught to read and write, then he mastered several foreign languages, knowledge of mathematics, applied sciences and history. Among his teachers were F. Bekhteev, S. Poroshin, N. Panin, and the future Metropolitan of Moscow Platon taught him the laws. By birthright, Pavel already in 1862 had the right to the throne, but his mother came to power herself. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The census of the Russian Empire (1897) was not the first event of its kind in Russia. It is reliably known that separate censuses were carried out periodically on the territory of Russian principalities, khanates, kaganates, in order to determine how much income could be received from the population of a particular territory. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The reputation of the ruler of the Russian Empire was unsuccessfully affected by the war with Japan in 1904-1905, which led to territorial and significant human losses. Against the background of the weakening authority of the tsar, radical sentiments began to intensify, which were manifested primarily by the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Black Hundreds. Nicholas II, in order to improve the situation after the revolution, went on a number of political reforms, among which was the establishment of the State Duma. Until that time, there was no representative body in the country at all. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The Land Decree of 1917 was adopted the day after the Great October Socialist Revolution (November 8 of the above year). Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

It has long been believed that the Polovtsian is the enemy of the Russian land, since representatives of this tribe were seen in repeated raids on the lands of our state. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

It is known that Yaroslav the Wise, passing off his daughter Anna to the French king, gave her a dowry book on wooden boards, which is believed to have survived to this day. In any case, copies on paper were made from it. It was called "The Book of Veles" and told about the times before the Rurik dynasty. Perhaps, sending this book to Europe, Yaroslav wanted to tell the European civilization about how Russia was formed before the reign of Rurik. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The Crusades arose during the reign of Pope Gregory the Seventh and were aimed at liberating Palestine and Jerusalem, where the Holy Sepulcher was located, from the "infidels", as well as spreading Christianity by military means among pagans, Muslims, residents of Orthodox states and heretical movements. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The history of Ancient Palestine before the emergence of writing is usually divided into three stages. The first, which lasted until the 10th millennium BC, shows that people in this region were mainly engaged in gathering and hunting. In the period 10,000-5,300 BC, the inhabitants of most of the Palestinian lands mastered agriculture, later they moved into the era of cities, which was characterized by the emergence of trade, permanent settlements that protected the nascent armies. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

On the lands of ancient Belarus there were several dozens of small states. But the largest and most significant were considered the Polotsk and Turov principalities. Smaller provinces were under their rule. Such as Pinsk, Minsk, Vitebsk and others. In this article, we will consider the history of education, culture and rulers of the largest and most famous state entity - the Principality of Polotsk. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Each country has its own unique and inimitable symbolism, which is a mark of distinction and national pride. The Chinese flag and coat of arms are no exception. In this case, we're talking about them. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The Slutsk belt is a national treasure of Belarusians, a historical symbol and brand of the country, as well as an example of applied art of the 18th century. However, there are very few of them left in modern Belarus. So, for example, belts from Russia, Ukraine and Lithuania were exhibited in the National Art Museum in Minsk for several years. So, let's remember how this art was created and what fate awaited it. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

It should be noted that in different languages and in different cultures, the interpretation and perception of the phrase "indigenous" can be equal to the meaning of the word "aboriginal", while their close synonym "local resident" in almost all countries has a completely different , but exactly the same meaning. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

In the process of historical development, whole states and peoples appeared and disappeared. Some of them still exist, others have disappeared from the face of the Earth forever. One of the most controversial issues is which of the peoples is the most ancient in the world. Many nationalities claim this title, but none of the sciences can give an exact answer. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The eagle is one of the most common figures depicted on coats of arms. This proud and strong king bird symbolizes not only power and dominance, but also courage, bravery and insight. In the 20th century, Nazi Germany adopted the eagle as its emblem. Read more about the imperial eagle of the 3rd Reich below in the article. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

In the wake of the popularity of Marvel films about the adventures of the god Thor, interest in Norse mythology in general has increased. There are many interesting personalities among the gods of the northern pantheon. In this article we will tell about the Scandinavian god Tire. Let's pay attention to the Phoenician city of the same name to remind you that consonant names and names in history are not always interconnected. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Wars were burning in Europe in the 16th century. Italy and Portugal fought the Ottoman Empire, England fought Scotland. Religious battles unfolded in France. Protestantism gained strength. In Muscovy, as foreigners called the Russian kingdom, at that time an autocrat appeared, crowned by God to the kingdom. Ivan 4, whose historical portrait is presented below, was a unique sovereign, whose great autocracy has always amazed foreigners. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The name of King Ashoka forever entered the history of India. This third ruler of the Mauryan Empire is considered one of the greatest people who stood at the head of the state. King Ashoka is not famous for his military successes, like his grandfather. First of all, history knows him as a Buddhist ruler who made an invaluable contribution to supporting this religious trend. The personal name of King Ashoka according to dharma (religious piety) is Piyadasi. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The main aspect determining the legal ability of people in Ancient Russia was the position of their personal freedom. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The history of the legal profession in Russia: a brief listing of the main stages. The Institute of Attorneys in the Middle Ages as a Prototype of the Bar. Judicial reform in 1864, features of the legal profession during the formation of Soviet power. Brief description of the Regulations on the Bar, adopted in 1964 and 1980 Federal Law 2002. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Victory in the Great Patriotic War and World War II was given to Soviet soldiers with hard work. However, in order to effectively realize their goal, namely to protect their fatherland and native land, on the fields where the battles took place, in addition to courage and courage, it was necessary to master the art of war at a sufficiently high level. It was the generals who had such talent. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

During the Silver Age, the world saw many great poets, actors and artists who literally revived the culture in the country. One of such outstanding people of his time was Sergey Mikhailovich Volkonsky, an art critic, memoir writer and theater figure, as well as an ardent connoisseur of beauty. Even at birth, his surname doomed him to universal recognition, although, as often happens, after death. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The domestic cow as a species has been used for many millennia, but who was the ancestor of the cow, because all domesticated animal species once had wild ancestors and brothers. What the ancestor of all cows looked like and where he lived is described in this article. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

In Russian history there will no longer be soldiers who served for almost a hundred years and took part in 10 bloody wars. Vasily Kochetkov, a soldier of three emperors, according to various estimates, spent in the army from 80 to a hundred years, taking part in almost all military companies of the 19th century, as part of the army of the Russian Empire. He died on the way to his native village, when he retired at the age of 107. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

The title "merchant of the first guild" in Russia referred to the "third estate". It was considered semi-privileged, coming after the nobility and the clergy. All merchants were united in guilds, of which there were three. To enroll in one of them, it was necessary to pay a special fee. The merchant guild is a professional form of organization of trading people. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Mark Podrabinek is a TV journalist, photographer and traveler, presenter on the My Planet channel. He is envied by many, because the man managed to combine work with pleasure. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12

Are Cyril and Methodius really the creators of the Slavic script, and who created the script based on the Greek alphabet? These and other questions have been closed and not refuted many years ago, although some scholars still believe that the creators of Slavic writing lived long before the 9th century AD. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:12