Criteria-based assessment of students' educational achievements is especially important in the framework of the transition of educational institutions to new federal state standards.
FSES
FGOS of the second generation suggest a significant modernization of modern education. In addition to supporting skills and abilities, attention is paid to the independent activities of schoolchildren, a reliable foundation is being created for the secondary level of education.
Standards of the first generation assessed the degree to which schoolchildren mastered a certain minimum of knowledge and skills. Criteria-based assessment according to the Federal State Educational Standard is focused on new goals and results, and allows you to control the child's self-development. In the new educational system, assessment is not used as a minimum criterion, it is used to test the mastery of educational skills.
Principal students' grades
Checking the achievements of younger students is an urgent problem of the modern educational system. Let us analyze the main forms and methods of assessment associated with the accumulative rating system, as well as highlight the distinctive features of the unmarkedoption for younger students.
Features of the new standards
The leading component in the new educational standards to the results of mastering the basic curricula is the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.
They install:
- Directions for the development of the educational system, which determine the main thematic sections.
- The technology of criteria-based assessment allows describing the individual achievements of students.
- Defined requirements for the organization and content of primary education.
As the main direction of evaluation in the new approach to education is the control of the results of the implementation and development of modern curricula. GEF of the second generation are aimed at the personal development of schoolchildren. Criteria-based assessment in mathematics lessons involves taking into account several groups of UUN.
There are three main options for determining the results of education that involve criteria-based assessment:
- metasubject;
- personal;
- subject.
Personal results in the Federal State Educational Standards are considered as the development of a child's self-determination, including the formation of his civic identity, the improvement of his internal position, the formation of meanings and motives for educational and extracurricular activities, the improvement of moral and ethical values, feelings, personal qualities.
Metasubject skills involve universal activities: communicative,cognitive, as well as options for its adjustment:
- control;
- planning;
- correction.
Universal options can be mastered by children on the basis of one or more academic disciplines, used by schoolchildren in the cognitive process, in the course of extracurricular activities, to eliminate real life problems, to find a way out of difficult situations. Criteria-based assessment of students' educational achievements is mainly used in educational activities. Subject learning outcomes mean the material mastered by students in the process of studying the subject.
Results of Primary General Education Standard
The main results of the GEF in primary school, which allows us to analyze the criteria-based assessment system, are:
- development of substantive and universal actions that allow continuing education at the second stage (in the basic school);
- cultivating the ability to learn, develop independently, organize themselves, set their own goals and objectives, solve educational and practical and educational and cognitive tasks;
- individuality of progress in the development of personal qualities.
Criteria-based assessment in the primary grades helps the teacher to find an individual approach to each child, choose the best methods and forms of teaching. There is a special document that indicates all the planned results for different educational areas (subjects).
Purpose of the GEF assessment
Criteria-based assessment in primary school according to second generation standards analyzes the way to achieve the planned educational results. As a result, the following educational, practical and cognitive tasks are solved:
- Creating a system of scientific ideas about man, society, nature.
- Skills and skills of research, cognitive, practical activities.
- Communication and information skills.
Criteria-based assessment in primary school according to GEF has some features. The new standards are aimed at organizing joint classroom and extracurricular activities of schoolchildren and teachers, choosing and organizing educational content, and creating a favorable environment.
Criteria-based assessment is not just a learning tool, but a stable regulator of the educational program. It acts as an intrinsically valuable fragment of the content of the subject, a means of increasing the effectiveness of learning and teaching. The place and functions of marks in the educational process have changed. The criteria-based assessment of student achievement is based on the following principles:
- Is an ongoing process that is integrated into regular activities.
- For each stage of the lesson, the teacher applies his own version of assessment. Diagnostic checks are also suitable for the initial phase of extracurricular activities.
- Intermediate, final, thematic, milestone, criteria-based assessment is indispensable at the verification stage of ZUN.
Axioms of Evaluation
There are certain canons that characterize the assessment according to GEF:
- There are several methods to achieve any goal.
- No one criteria-based assessment system can adequately assess the individual abilities of schoolchildren.
- It is necessary to carry out a preliminary check, identifying the possibility of applying the chosen method for a particular educational program.
- You should not use all technologies at once, it is important to identify priority areas.
- Criteria-based assessment focuses on the formation of positive motivation, support for the success of schoolchildren.
- FGOS does not involve the transformation of the assessment into a kind of "whip" for the student.
Criteria-based assessment in mathematics lessons should not be reduced to a huge number of tests and tests, intimidation of schoolchildren with low grades. Each student should have the right to his own educational trajectory, personal pace of learning educational material.
If the system is criterial, students are assessed taking into account their individual abilities, personal results. GEF does not imply unsatisfactory marks in moral development, patriotic education. The teacher gets the opportunity to compare each child's personal results.
The Federal State Educational Standard does not imply a teacher's comparison of the achievements of different students, since the problem of the child's psychological comfort arises. The teacher sets the final grade as the total result of the assessments,accumulated by the child for the period under review (quarter, half year, year).
The new standards assume only criteria-based assessment in the lessons of the Russian language, mathematics, and the world around. In order not to cause a negative reaction among schoolchildren, all the criteria and norms of marks, the specifics of the exposure are reported in advance to parents, children, teachers. The mark is used to control the results of the child's educational activities; it cannot highlight the student's personal qualities.
Modern system of education involves criteria-based assessment. The school is invited to build a special form of control, within which all students will be included in such activities, will be able to gain self-esteem skills, work in creative groups. This version of work implements the principle of equal distribution of responsibility between all participants in the educational process: teachers, students, parents.
Criteria-based assessment of the Russian language implies the voluntariness of the performance of presentations and dictations, tasks of an increased level of complexity. At the first stage of education, the assessment system is used to stimulate the child's desire to learn:
- the teacher controls the initial knowledge and experience of the student used to study the material;
- group and individual achievements of schoolchildren are taken into account;
- comprehension of the material studied by the child is analyzed;
- the teacher encourages children to reflect on their own result, contribution to the common cause.
The GEF assessment system in primary school involvessetting an internal mark, it is determined by the teacher. External evaluation is carried out by various services in the form of monitoring studies, certification works. Such criteria-based assessment of mathematics does not affect the quarter (annual) mark. The second generation of the Federal State Educational Standards not only modernized the content of education, they adjusted the requirements for the training of schoolchildren, approaches to learning outcomes, and their diagnosis.
Specificity of evaluation of metasubject, subject, personal results
When introducing second-generation standards, teachers faced the question of assessing the formation of actions, the level of achievements, fixing new learning outcomes. In order to find answers to the questions posed, representatives of the elementary school formulated certain tasks for themselves:
- To analyze options for pedagogical control, assessment of educational and extracurricular achievements of schoolchildren, taking into account new standards.
- Study the methodological and scientific literature on the problem of assessing the achievements of the planned results, the degree of mastery of the basic curriculum of primary education.
- To consider criteria for assessing the educational skills of schoolchildren in terms of second generation standards.
For the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard, personal, meta-subject, subject results of education are evaluated. The teacher highlights meaningful (subject-active) lines. In addition to the marks given by the teacher, the child also carries out self-assessment, monitorsdynamics of personal achievement.
Portfolio allows you to accumulate achievements, analyze the individual educational development of the student. In addition to standard written or oral work, GEF involves project (research) activities of students. At the end of the school year, each child, individually or as part of a project group, defends the project. The form of presentation of the results of the work is chosen by the educational institution, approved by the school council.
Grading history
Evaluation appeared in pedagogy quite a long time ago. It was used to check the level of assimilation of new material, to control intellectual skills. The teacher tries to set aside a certain period of time for evaluating students at each lesson. Among the common ways to check ZUN, the leading positions belong to: control and independent work, simulators, tests, frontal surveys. Also, to check the level of learning, the children are offered special homework assignments, for which the teacher puts marks. The classic version of assessment is work in small groups, oral presentations in front of classmates. Examples of assessment methods offered in the new educational system are:
- test tasks;
- quick polls;
- observations;
- self-esteem exercises;
- game assessment options;
- discussions.
To achieve the goals set by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the teacher must not only own the assessment system, but also operate with forms and methodslearning.
In addition to reproductive methods, including the classical explanation of the material, the implementation of exercises according to the scheme, the teacher must also use problem technologies in his work. They are the leaders in the educational standards of the new generation. The research approach, design, modeling of various situations, including extracurricular education, helps the teacher achieve the goals set by the Ministry of Education.
Evaluation Methods
Impressive teaching methods involve the formation of social, aesthetic, moral, scientific values in schoolchildren. Evaluation involves taking into account the following facts:
- student activity level;
- level of reproduction of the received information.
Expressive methods involve students modeling situations in which they can show their level of education and upbringing. GEF involves the combination of these two methods, the analysis is carried out in combination. Comprehensive assessment involves taking into account all skills, the emphasis is on personal skills.
The school forms such an assessment system that will objectively control the individual abilities of the student, monitor the development of new knowledge, and the acquisition of certain skills. The teacher conducts a comprehensive check of the achievements of the pupils, selects for each child his own version of further development. Keeping a portfolio of students' achievements is a way to constantly monitor the individual growth of children.
Examples of grading systems
For first graders, non-assessment learning is appropriate:
- the teacher creates a "ladder of achievements", at each stage of which it is expected that students will receive certain skills;
- heroes of fairy-tale lines help kids learn new knowledge, get the basics of project and research activities;
- sheets of individual achievements are based on filling the cells with different colors, and the shade depends on what skills the students have acquired;
- observation sheets.
All these assessment methods without the use of points should be supplemented by comprehensive (final) knowledge tests. Among the innovations introduced at the initial stage of education is the writing of test papers by graduates of the 4th grade. This initiative came from the teachers themselves, who understand the importance and significance of rating testing at the initial stage of education. Such tests will help the children prepare for the final exams that await them at the level of basic education (grade 9), at the end of high school (grade 11).
Portfolio
The rapid development of modern society has left its mark on education. The introduction of new teaching standards at the primary and secondary levels of education has made significant changes to the assessment system. A rating system has appeared that takes into account not only general educational skills and abilities, but also other personal achievements of schoolchildren. Portfolios are now available not only for teachers, high school students, but also for elementary school students. What can be invested in a personal portfolioachievements? Everything to be proud of:
- Special achievement sheets that reflect the dynamics of educational personality changes since his first year of study in an educational institution.
- Results of various tests, conclusions from their results. Starting diagnostics is considered as initial testing. It is carried out by a psychologist before the child enters school.
- The portfolio contains both closed and open answers of the child, which reflect the development of technical skills: reading techniques, computational skills.
- Diplomas, thanks, diplomas from various olympiads, competitions, conferences, creative events.
Conclusion
GEF are aimed at the formation of a developed personality. The ZUN assessment system has been significantly modernized. It is not the score that characterizes the specific ZUN of the child that comes first, but the progress, personal achievements that the student has received over the estimated period of time.
This approach encourages students to self-development, self-improvement. If children are comfortable in the classroom, there is no fear of assessment, they are not afraid to answer, the desire to acquire new knowledge among schoolchildren will increase from year to year. The use of certain criteria corresponding to the Federal State Educational Standard when evaluating helps the teacher develop in his pupils a sense of responsibility, cooperation, and the ability to work in a team.
