Agro-climatic conditions in each country can be rich or poor. Or a country may have different zones where there is both a high level of resources and almost no resources.
As a rule, a high diversity of agro-climatic resources is observed in countries occupying a large area. Among them are the following states: Russia, China, India, Australia, USA, Canada, Brazil and Mexico. In order to fully understand the overall picture, it is necessary to understand what agro-climatic resources are and what their presence affects.
What are agroclimatic resources?
Agro-climatic resources are the formed climate conditions in a certain territorial unit that determine this or that agricultural activity.
Agro-climatic resources of the world are usually assessed as favorable and unfavorable.
In order to understand how the possibility of agricultural activity is evaluated,you will need to understand in detail what agroclimatic resources are and what factors affect their performance.
Agro-climatic resources of a certain region are determined by the ratio of light, heat and moisture. This indicator determines the number of crops that can be grown in a given area. They are distinguished by zones of temperature, moisture and light. There are countries with both homogeneous natural conditions and with great diversity.
Next, we will look at conditions in Russia and Asia.
Agro-climatic resources of Russia
Russia is a country that is located in different climatic zones with different intensity of solar energy. This factor makes it possible to grow a wide range of crops with different requirements for light, heat and moisture.
Of all the factors, the plant reacts most strongly to air temperature. The main processes take place in the range of 5-30 degrees Celsius. Deviation from this range leads to inhibition of growth and processes. With a strong deviation from the norm, the plant dies.
Temperature above +10 degrees is considered the lower limit of effective vegetation of plants. To obtain a crop of a particular crop, the plant must "accumulate" the total number of positive temperatures above ten degrees. Each culture has its own indicator, respectively, and its own requirements for conditions.
Agro-climatic zones of Russia
Agro-climatic resources of Russia in the northern regions have increased moisture and lack of heat and light. Under such conditions, it is possibleonly focal agriculture and greenhouse management.
In the northern part of the temperate zone in the taiga subzone, the climate is somewhat milder. Potatoes, rye, barley and legumes can be grown in this region.
Slightly to the south, in the zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe, the climate is warmer and the day length is longer. Rye, wheat, corn, flax, hemp, sugar beets, grapes and horticulture can be grown in this agro-climatic zone.
The best combination of agro-climatic resources has formed in the Central Black Earth Region, the North Caucasus and part of the Volga region.
The total temperature of the growing season is 2200-3400 degrees Celsius. Under such conditions, you can grow winter and spring wheat, corn, soybeans, sunflowers, vegetables and fruits.
In most of the country, the sum of temperatures during the growing season is in the range of 1000-2000 degrees Celsius. What are agro-climatic resources and what role do they play in the formation and activity of agriculture in this case? The answer is obvious. Based on world experience and economic efficiency, such conditions do not contribute to the ability to compete and have profitable production.
As a rule, in developed countries such zones of agriculture are subsidized by the state. The profitability of the agricultural sector directly depends on this indicator.
Agro-climatic conditions of Asianregion
The territory of Asia includes more than forty countries. About four billion people live in this part of the planet. The nutrition of the population directly depends on the agricultural activities of countries, which is determined and limited by certain climatic conditions.
Asia's agro-climatic resources are characterized by a high amount of heat. However, the amount of moisture in most of it is small, and in some regions it is excessive.
The following countries have optimal conditions for agricultural activities: Bangladesh (about 70% of the area is plowed), India (166 million hectares), China (93 million hectares).
In the rest of Asia, patchy farming is carried out, or crops are grown only in the waterlogged growing zone.
In the main part of Asia - vast areas of mountain ranges, deserts and semi-deserts.
Despite the fact that seventy percent of irrigated land is in Asia, it is sorely lacking. The reason is a rapidly growing population and soil erosion.
Agro-climatic conditions of Kazakhstan
As for the former CIS countries located in Asia, Kazakhstan occupies the largest territory. The geographical location of the country corresponds to the states located in the Mediterranean region with a humid subtropical climate.
However, the agro-climatic resources of Kazakhstan are much lower. Its climate is sharply continental. This is explainedthe fact that the territory of the country is located more than a thousand kilometers from the seas and oceans. Therefore, throughout the country dry summers with low rainfall. In winter, Siberian cold frosts dominate.
The highest amount of precipitation falls in the highlands of Altai.
Cotton, wheat, tobacco, fruits and gourds are grown on the territory of irrigation and maximum rainfall.
Conclusion
The agro-climatic resources of each country determine its agricultural activities and the life of the population. If the conditions are favorable, the country is able to provide food for its citizens and not be dependent on foreign policy.
When agro-climatic resources are scarce, then, as a rule, the population of the country is starving, and the state is dependent on the external market for products. Many countries in Africa and Asia can serve as an example.
