Building perspective is a way to create the illusion of space on a flat sheet surface. This method is used to realistically depict an object. Perspective can be: panoramic, linear, aerial, spherical, axonometry, linear. The main goal of creating a panorama is to show as much space as possible, because it is usually very long horizontally. This type is used to depict battle scenes, in museums, and other places where you need to recreate the atmosphere of a particular place. The spherical type of image distorts objects very much; when it is built, they bend in an arc. Axonometry is one of the methods for constructing perspective, when all lines run in parallel, which causes distortion of the image object. He is known to all schoolchildren from the drawing course.
Features of aerial perspective
Aerial perspective is used to create the illusion of space by manipulating different hues. It is often used in tandem with one of the forms to create a convincing illusion. Linear perspective is a way to use lines to create the illusion of a 3D object on a 2D surface. In drawing, two methods of linear construction are most often used:
- angular;
- straight.
The basis of these two types is the line. Their main difference lies in the number of so-called vanishing points - the places where all the lines tend to.
What is angular perspective?
Angular is a type of linear perspective with two vanishing points. The construction of the perspective of a point begins with the definition of the horizon line. This straight line theoretically represents the line that separates the sky from the earth. However, in many drawings it is simply implied and represents a line of sight that depends on the location of the observer.
Once the conditional horizon has been created, the next step is to find the vanishing points. They are defined as the place on the horizon line where objects begin to disappear from the observer's field of view as they move away from him. A good way to imagine what it is like is to stand on straight railroad tracks and look into the distance. Gradually, parallel lines will approach each other until they touch at one point.
Vanishing points on the skyline
In angular perspective, two vanishing points are located on the horizon line. They must be at the correct distance from each other to prevent distortion of the object. Both points are not necessarily within the picture plane, but they willbe located on a horizon line that extends across the picture plane in both directions. The next step in building a three-dimensional image is to determine the angle of view. To do this, you need to draw a vertical line, perpendicular to the horizon line. Most often, angular perspective is used to render buildings or interiors. Therefore, this line may coincide with the angle of the building itself. On it you need to mark the height of the object.
When it comes to building the perspective of a room, the footage is applied to the vertical, and depending on the height of the ceiling, the necessary points are marked - above and below. Next, from each point of view, you need to draw lines connecting them to the vanishing points. They are called orthogonal. Any set of parallel lines that extend from the viewer will follow them from the same vanishing point. Parallel verticals are height limiters. The farther they are located in space from the vanishing point on either side, the longer they become.
Skyline level
When an object is placed in such a way that it overlaps the horizon line, no visual aids are needed when building perspective to determine the overall shape of the object. However, it is important to note that such lines do exist. They are visible when the object is above the horizon, or below it. For an object located below, all construction steps remain the same, but its upper part will be better visible. For an object placed higher, the lower part of the shape becomes more visible to the viewer. That is, the buildings in the firstin the second case, the roof is highlighted, and in the second, the walls.
Direct linear perspective and its features
Direct perspective is a variation of linear perspective. This construction method uses a single vanishing point. One view assumes that the viewer is in a certain location and that there is a real or theoretical horizon line. The single point perspective is not limited to basic shapes and structures. It can also be used to depict interiors. In this case, the horizon level is also determined, although it will most likely not be visible in the finished drawing. In angular perspective, the object is rotated so that the viewer can see two sides of it. Direct perspective also has another name - frontal. In this case, the frontal view of objects in the form of flat geometric figures is available to the observer.
