Children of preschool age are able to perceive information better than others, and parents should not waste this time. New knowledge and skills are easily assimilated with the help of various outdoor and board games. At the age of 3 to 7 years, children try to copy the actions of adults, imitate animals and birds. Parents at this time need to guide the child on the right path of understanding life.
With the help of active games, you can achieve success in this matter. The classification of outdoor games is quite diverse: according to complexity, according to the degree of load, taking into account the age of the child, according to the use of projectiles, etc. Adults need to help their child adapt to life. However, we must not forget about the independence of the child. You can complicate the game a little, change its direction, but you should not tell the baby how to act.
Value of outdoor games
Many experts in the field of raising children, including Froebel, Leontiev, Reich, noted the importance of outdoor games for a child. They argued that active games are able to develop children both physically and mentally. In addition, children duringthese activities to be constantly in motion, which they need.
Outdoor games for preschoolers are indispensable, as they can improve the attention and physical condition of the child, his plasticity and understanding of the environment. During the game, children get to know the world from a new perspective, and in addition, they strengthen and improve their skills.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of active games for a child, because here, among other things, imagination and fantasy, speech and memory develop. In addition, outdoor games are very beneficial for he alth, especially outdoors. Children jump, run, play with a ball, which contributes to normal blood circulation and activation of breathing. This has a positive effect on the body, especially the growing one.
Methodology for conducting active games
Children of preschool age are in most cases extremely active, and therefore one should not be surprised if the child does not stand still even for a minute. They constantly run, jump, roll a ball, fight, play with their peers. The child must act and play independently, for this the teacher or teacher needs to create all the conditions.
The task of an adult is to direct and provide everything necessary for a playground. First, you need as much free space as possible so that the child does not feel locked up. Secondly, you need to provide all the necessary toys that contribute to the motor activity of babies.
All children are different: someone likes to play alone, someonetoo active, and someone, on the contrary, is calmer. The educator needs to consider all this and indirectly manage the process of the game. But you can’t do this authoritatively and strictly, you need to push the child to the right decision. Some need help and play with them, while others should be offered a different game. The teacher should remember that almost all children in the younger groups prefer to play alone. He should try to instill in children a love of joint games. It is necessary to properly organize and present the game, thereby arousing interest. This is the technique of outdoor games.
Active games during the day
Every day, educators need to play outdoor games with kids. Before breakfast, you need to let the children play by themselves, without distracting them. To do this, you need to take out the toys and cheer the kids up for class. Outdoor games for preschoolers are not appropriate immediately after breakfast and any other meal. When choosing games, you need to take into account the activities that were before them. For example, after lessons in drawing or the Russian language, it is necessary to offer active games in order to move more.
It is recommended to use outdoor games for a walk, in the fresh air. You should only go indoors in case of unfavorable weather, such as heavy rain or wind. If the weather is just like this outside, you need to play in a large hall, where there is enough space for everyone.
In the evening it is also recommended to play games, but with little mobility. Singing with round dances is good. This activity should last about 10 minutes. The most favorable time of the year for the games is, of course, summer. Since outdoor games for a walk in the summer are quite simple to implement. On hot days, it is advisable to conduct classes with medium or low activity so that children do not overheat. And on cooler days, it's better to use games with the most activity.
The hardest time to play outdoor games is in winter and autumn. Usually children wear warm clothes and bulky shoes, which makes it difficult for them to move. In this case, activities with simple movements that will not tire the kids are ideal.
Outdoor games in the preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution) in the fresh air and in the hall contribute to a significant increase in physical and mental abilities. Kindergarten - a place that is one of the key in shaping the views and interests of the child.
Classification of outdoor games
Specialists in this field note that a wide variety of active games has led to the need for their division. As already mentioned, they are classified by complexity, by degree of mobility, etc.
In the most general version of the game can be divided into simple and complex. Simple games are classified into plot, plotless, attractions and fun games.
Story games are distinguished by a well-defined scenario with fixed rules. They are characterized by thoughtful actions of all participants in the events; deviation from the plot seems impossible. These types of games are popular in all groups, especially for the younger ones.
Plotless games are typicallack of a script, but require children to be attentive, quick and independent. During the lesson, the child must repeat a certain motor action, most often presented in the form of a competition.
Rides and fun games also require a specific task in the form of a competition. The difference from plotless ones is that some of the children participate in the game, and the other part are spectators. These outdoor games in the preschool are very popular, as they cause delight among children.
Almost all sports games are classified as difficult. This is football, and basketball, and volleyball, and hockey. Of course, small children cannot participate in these adult competitions, and therefore they conduct classes according to a simplified system.
Active games can also be distinguished by their motor content: running, jumping, projectile throwing, etc. There is a classification of outdoor games according to the degree of mobility. Examples of such games can be very diverse. There are classes of large, medium and small activity. The first group includes those activities in which most children take part, most often it is running or jumping. The second group includes games in which all the guys also participate, but the tasks are calmer, for example, walking or passing shells. In games of low mobility, the action is not intense and has a slow pace.
Active play guide
Children of preschool age are very fond of all outdoor games, but of course they cannot organize them on their own. In this to them onthe teacher comes to help. The teacher must remember that the main goal of such games is the improvement and development of the physical and mental abilities of the child. The ability to work in a team is also very important, which must be taught in childhood. The plan of outdoor games should be drawn up in such a way that children develop their skills and abilities during the lesson.
The teacher needs to take part in games, thereby showing the child how interesting and exciting it is by his own example. Children love to play with adults, so they feel older. You need to use a cheerful tone in communication, it captivates the kids.
Organizing an outdoor game is a rather difficult task, since all children are individual, and it is far from a fact that everything will go smoothly from the very beginning. Often you can observe a situation where not all kids want to take part in a collective game due to their shyness. No need to put pressure on the child, you should give him a little time to get comfortable. If the baby is still shy and afraid to play with others, you can try to carefully involve him in the process. An offer to run or hide together would be a great way out of this situation for the caregiver.
The teacher must competently manage the game, control it in order to avoid unpleasant situations. Something to suggest, somewhere to cheer up - a great option. If most children start to play and lose interest, it is necessary to stop the game and give the kids time to rest.
Federal State Educational Standardearly childhood education
From the beginning of 2014, a new document came into force, which is a set of mandatory requirements for preschool education. Speech and cognitive, as well as artistic and physical development, are the areas in which the Federal State Educational Standard operates. Each of these areas has its own tasks that will help children explore the world and develop in all areas.
In addition, the Federal State Educational Standard regulates the following types of children's activities: play, communicative, cognitive, perception of fiction, self-service and household work, visual, musical and motor. To achieve certain goals, each type of activity is characterized by outdoor games. GEF aims to achieve certain goals:
- raising the status of preschool education;
- ensure equal opportunities for every kid;
- preserving the unity of education in the Russian Federation, including preschool;
- Ensuring high quality early childhood education.
This document is an excellent innovation, which is designed to regulate all preschool educational institutions for the correct implementation of their actions. With the entry into force of the Federal State Educational Standard, preschool institutions have become more responsible in this matter. Now there is a clear action plan, following which you can educate the younger generation with the highest quality.
Outdoor games in kindergartens for the older group
Most children before school spend most of their lives in preschool. Therefore, holding games in such institutions is mandatory. Mobile classificationgames implies a division into two parts: for very young and older children.
The preparatory group is characterized mainly by ball games. For example, you need to find out who will run faster from start to finish, tossing the ball. In addition, games such as Mousetrap, Owl, Shepherd and Wolf are popular. Let's take a look at each one.
Mousetrap. Children are divided into two identical groups. The first is the mice, which must line up in a column one after the other. The other group should form three circles holding hands. When the teacher says: “The mousetrap is open”, the children who are standing in a circle raise their hands, and the mice run in turn each circle. When the teacher gives the command: “Clap”, the children in the circle lower their hands. Those mice that are inside the circles are considered to be caught. The game continues until all mice are caught.
Owl. Children are divided into two groups: butterflies and bugs. In addition, one baby is selected to act as an owl. A circle is drawn for him - a nest, and he stands there. When the teacher says: “Day”, all the butterflies and bugs freely walk around the site, doing whatever they want. As soon as the teacher says: “Night”, everyone stops, and the owl begins to roam around the playground. Those children who have moved, the owl takes with him to the nest. The game ends when there are several butterflies or bugs in the nest.
The shepherd and the wolf. Choose two children to be the wolf and the shepherd respectively. The rest are sheep. It is necessary to draw an area for the sheep house and forwhere they will graze. The shepherd leads the sheep to pastures, at the command: "Wolf", everyone should scatter. The task of the wolf is to catch as many sheep as possible and take them to his lair, and the shepherd is called upon to protect his pets. The game ends when the wolf has caught a certain number of sheep.
Moving games for the little ones
Here preference is given to games where you can see a clear plot. It is desirable that each child has a role to play. Also popular are games without a plot at all, which are the simplest, for example, "catch-ups". So, outdoor games for the younger group of kindergarten:
- Chicken and chickens. To play this game, you need a rope and two stands. The rope is pulled between them, on one side there is a house of a hen with chickens, on the other there are grains. When the hen goes to the other side, she calls the chickens "ko-ko-ko". Upon hearing, the chickens run all over the territory, imitating movements. On command: “Home”, everyone enters on the other side of the rope.
- Stream. All children participate here, and there is no need to divide into teams. It is required to draw a "brook" of small width and draw pebbles at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other. Children stand at the beginning and cross the stream over the pebbles. If a child stumbles, it means that he “wet his feet” and you need to try from the very beginning.
- Sun - rain. For this game, it is necessary to place chairs and hoops (improvised houses) around the entire perimeter of the site. When the teacher says: "Sunny, it's time to walk," the children leave the houses and run around the playground. On command: "Rain, it's timehome", all the children run back.
The purpose of outdoor games in kindergarten is, first of all, the development of personal and physical qualities, as well as teaching children to make friends and work in a team. School is supposed to educate people. However, education begins in kindergarten. Thanks to active games, children perceive information more easily and develop the necessary skills faster.
Story outdoor games
Classes with a certain scenario instill in children a sense of responsibility and composure. Story games are very diverse, let's look at some of them.
- Sparrows and car. All children sit on chairs or benches on one side of the playground. Here they play the role of sparrows that sit in their nests. On the opposite side is the teacher, represented as a car. When the teacher says: “The sparrows have flown,” all the children get up and run or walk on the playground. On command: “The car is moving”, all children return to their nests as soon as possible.
- Airplanes. The teacher names certain children in the amount of 3-4, who stand on the opposite side from the others. On the command: “Get ready for the flight, start the engines”, the children make rotational movements with their hands in front of their chest. When the teacher says: “Fly”, the children spread their arms to the sides, imitating an airplane, and run to the other side. On the command “Landing”, the children land in their places. Then the next group of babies is selected.
- Bubble. Children, together with the teacher, formsmall circle holding hands. When the teacher says: “Inflate the bubble, inflate the big one,” the children slowly move back, forming a large circle. After the teacher says: “The bubble has burst”, the children should lower their hands and squat down, saying “Clap”. After that, you need to get up and form a small circle again.
- Birds are flying. Children stand on any hill on one side of the playground. After the words “The sun is shining,” the children run out onto the playground and begin to look for and peck at impromptu grains. When the teacher says, "It's raining," the children go back to the hill.
Plotless outdoor games
They are designed to teach children dexterity, speed and orientation in space.
Find a color. The teacher gives each child a flag of a different color. Usually the color scheme consists of red, yellow, green and blue. Four children stand with flags next to a specific flag of the same color. When the teacher gives the command: “Go for a walk”, the rest of the children scatter around the playground in a chaotic manner. After the words: "Find your color", the children need to run to the flag of their color as quickly as possible
- Don't be late. The teacher lays out any rattles in the form of a circle. At his command, the children run around the room away from them. When the teacher says, "Don't be late," the children run back to the center of the room.
- Find your home. Children are divided into several groups, each of them stands at a certain tree. It is their home. At the command of the teacher, the children scatter in all directions. When the teacher says: “Find your house”, the children should gather in certain groups near the trees where they stood at the beginning of the game.
Classification of outdoor games is designed to highlight those that a child needs at a certain age. The most popular is the division into plot and non-plot. Both those and others are called upon to develop children, to instill in them certain qualities. Outdoor games are necessary for the normal development of every child, and their importance should not be underestimated.
