History

Russian history has known many historical events associated with various class phenomena. One of these was the kulaks - this is the rural bourgeoisie. Class division in the Soviet Union was a sensitive issue. The attitude towards the kulaks changed in accordance with the course of history and the course of the ruling power. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Estates became the forerunners of the class system, which today is the basis for the development of modern society. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Manufactory is a new step in the economic development of mankind. The article talks about how it arose, reveals the basic concepts and history. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Often certain words or expressions change their original meaning over time. For example, the term "jargon" has long meant chatter. The word "serenade" meant evening, and "pool" - just a vessel for water. Gradually, "evening" became a vocal piece performed at this time of day, and later just a song. So is the word "penates". In time immemorial, it was the name of the ancient Roman guardian gods of the family hearth and reserves, then it began to personify the family. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In October 1964, the leadership changed in the USSR. The unity of the socialist camp was broken, relations between East and West were very strained due to the Caribbean crisis. In addition, the German problem remained unresolved, which worried the leadership of the USSR very much. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The execution of Ceausescu has become one of the most famous episodes of the Romanian Revolution. The death sentence was carried out in 1989. Thus ended the reign of one of the most brutal dictators in Europe, who led the country for almost a quarter of a century. Former general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party was shot along with his wife. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The times of youth are always remembered with nostalgia. The "dashing nineties" were a difficult time in the life of the country, but today many people miss them. Perhaps this is due to the fact that at that time the republics of the Soviet Union had just gained independence. It seemed that everything old had sunk into oblivion, and a wonderful future awaited everyone ahead. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the vastness of the East European Plain, the Slavs, our direct ancestors, have lived since ancient times. It is still not known exactly when they arrived there. Be that as it may, they soon settled widely throughout the great waterway of those years. Slavic cities and villages arose from the B altic to the Black Sea. Despite the fact that they were of the same clan-tribe, relations between them were never especially peaceful. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In this review, we will consider an event of paramount historical importance - the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. Particular attention is paid to the actions of the commander during this operation. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Alexander the Great died more than two thousand years ago, but historians still have not determined the cause of his premature death. There are several theories - from a mysterious illness and improper treatment to poisoning by close associates. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The reign of Ramses II is the most interesting period in the history of Ancient Egypt. With the advent of the new pharaoh to power, the state began to grow stronger and flourish. Ramses the Great achieved military successes, proved to be a clever diplomat and succeeded in the construction of temples and monuments. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What did Napoleon look for in Egypt? The main enemy of the French were the British, who were difficult to get on their island. It was necessary to expand the French colonial possessions, which for the most part were lost. Bonaparte also sought to strengthen his influence, while the Directory wanted to send away a too popular general. Therefore, Napoleon's campaign in Egypt was organized. We will talk about it briefly in our article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The significance of Catherine II for Russian history is so important that it can be compared with Peter I, nicknamed the Great. The accession of new lands to the empire, the expansion of the strategic and economic capabilities of the state, impressive military victories achieved by skill, but not by numbers at sea and on land, new cities that have become outposts of Russia in the south - this is just a short and incomplete list of the achievements of this outstanding ruler. But it is enough to understand why Catherine 2 was called the Great. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of the Russian fleet knows times of resounding victories and heavy defeats, periods of complete decline and stubborn revival. And it all started with the will and energy of Peter the Great, who believed in the maritime greatness of his country. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In this article we will consider information about what the Varangian Sea is and how it is called in the modern world. We will also touch upon the problem of its ecological situation and its features, because the sea itself is very remarkable. Although there are some disagreements about the ancient name that occurs in the writings and the modern analogue. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On February 26, 1845, the third child and second son were born to the future Emperor Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich. The boy was named Alexander. During the first 26 years, he was brought up, like other grand dukes, for a military career, since his elder brother Nikolai was to become the heir to the throne. By the age of 18, Alexander was already in the rank of colonel. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Surely, many are interested in the question of why in the British Isles the royal throne is occupied not by the king, but by the Queen of Great Britain. Since the formation of an independent state in the 9th century, eight dynasties have successively changed in England, but there is still a blood relationship between their members, since the first representative of a new family name each time married a woman from the previous one. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Robert Peary became the first explorer to reach the North Pole. He went to this success all his life, preparing for each new expedition for years. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

75 years have passed since one of the largest tank battles in military history - the Battle of Kursk. The Germans called it the "Citadel" operation, which was launched by them on 07/05/43 and ended on 08/23/43, its duration was 49 days. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The phenomenon of periodization in world art criticism, history and cultural studies is one of the fundamental ones. A true system of systems to face eternity itself. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Who is the Marquis de Lafayette? This man was one of the most famous political figures in France. The history of the marquis is the history of three revolutions. The first is the American War of Independence, the second is the French Revolution, and the third is the July 1830 Revolution. In all these events, Lafayette was directly involved. A brief biography of the Marquis de Lafayette and will be discussed in our article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The mysterious Queen Tamara is one of the unique women in world history who determined the further spiritual development of her people. After her reign, the best cultural values and architectural monuments remained. Fair, honest and wise, she established a firm political position for her country in Asia Minor, conquering territories that do not belong to present-day Georgia. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In 1946, a boy was born in the Swedish city of Stockholm. His family belonged to an ancient royal dynasty. During his reign, Charles managed to gain fame as a sensitive and cheerful ruler. In the memory of the Swedes, he will long remain a king who, to everyone's surprise, did not know how to read at all. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Woodrow Wilson - 28th President of the United States, who held this position from 1913-1921. During his tenure in the White House, World War I fell. Wilson stood at the origins of the system of international relations established after the defeat of Germany. He is also known as a doctor of science and a political theorist. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the second half of the 19th century, the question that the first car would soon appear was already resolved. It remained only unclear who would be the first in his invention. At the same time, several innovators were working in this direction. Some of them managed to get patents for their inventions in the same year. Who is considered the officially recognized creator of the car? This article is about Karl Benz. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Kingdom of Qin in the history of ancient China took a special place. His prince, having conquered neighbors who were mired in internecine strife, created a single state. This commander was a Qin wang named Ying Zheng, who became famous as the first Chinese emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Elena Glinskaya carried out two major reforms (monetary and lip). They markedly changed the life of Russia in the 16th century. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The British Empire - what kind of state is this? This is a power that included Great Britain and numerous colonies. The most extensive empire of all that has ever existed on our planet. In the old days, the territory of the British Empire occupied one quarter of the entire earth's land. True, almost a hundred years have passed since then. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The medieval knight is one of the most romantic and embellished figures in human history. Hollywood films, historical novels, and more recently, computer games depict us with a very colorful and charming warrior, in shining armor, galloping into the distance, from time to time fighting with the same noble and honest opponents or without any problems defeating gangs that are certainly vile and unpleasant. robbers. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Once upon a time, many boys dreamed of becoming commanders. Brave, smart, able to make decisions and lead. Of course, to a large extent, these dreams were stimulated by the way the military was described by the press and literature. In those days, every student knew the names of the marshals of the Soviet Union! It is worth remembering what these people did, whom many sought to imitate. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of tea is full of legends, mysteries and controversial facts. China is considered the birthplace of the plant, where it was grown already in the fifth millennium BC. Here it began to be used first as an antidote, and then the drink became fashionable among aristocrats. Therefore, they say that the history of Chinese tea is the longest. However, the fact that the first plants were known here is not a reliable fact. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

If history consisted of a simple listing of events, even then there would be a mechanism for ordering and rules for storing this data. However, historical science has a much more important mission - to investigate, interpret, and determine the connection between various events. After all, everything in history has its own specific causes and entails certain consequences. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The beginning of modern times falls on the 20th century. This era, according to many historians, is one of the most controversial. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Kardashian family is now known to almost every resident of the United States thanks to the super-popular reality show of the same name, which is shown on the E! for more than 7 years and beats all records for views. However, she became famous long before that, back in the mid-90s. It was then that the head of the family, Robert Kardashian, became famous as a lawyer who saved the famous athlete and actor O.J. Simpson, who was accused of a double murder, from the death pen alty. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Great Patriotic War showed the degree of heroism, courage, patriotism of the Soviet soldier. One of them is the prototype of the movie hero from the movie "Only Old Men Go to Battle" - military pilot Nikolai Markelov. A native of the Altai Territory, who lived in Kazakhstan, fought on four fronts, became a Hero of the Soviet Union. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Maria Cantemir is considered the last mistress of Peter the Great. Her romance with the autocrat fell on 1722-1725. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Correspondence of Tsar Ivan the Terrible with Prince Andrei Kurbsky is a unique monument of Russian medieval journalism. It is a valuable source of information about the socio-political structure of the Moscow state of the XVI century, about its ideology and culture. In addition, the letters reveal the character of Ivan IV, his worldview and psychological make-up are manifested - extremely important factors for studying the history of autocratic rule. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On December 25, 1991, the last President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, spoke on central television. He announced his resignation. At 19:38 Moscow time, the flag of the USSR was lowered from the Kremlin and after almost 70 years of existence, the Soviet Union disappeared forever from the political map of the world. A new era has begun. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Vladimir Lenin was a world-class politician. He managed to create a completely new state. On the one hand, he was able to win a political and triumphant victory. On the other hand, historically Lenin found himself in the camp of the losers. After all, his work, based on the principles of violence, was initially doomed. Despite this, it was Vladimir Ulyanov who determined the vector of development of world history in the twentieth century. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The sewing machine everyone knows as the "Singer" was not actually invented by Isaac Merritt Singer, as many believe. This man only improved the existing invention and gave him his name, and all thanks to his one talent - to design. Interestingly, the designer himself was poorly educated and even had difficulty writing and counting. And there are simply incredible legends about his love affairs, one of which is that Singer has more than twenty children from different marriages. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01