History 2025, February

The most influential and famous Persian scholar in the medieval Islamic world, Abu Ali ibn Sina, is known to the world under a simpler and more sonorous name - Avicenna. Contemporaries in the East called him a spiritual mentor, a sage. And this is quite understandable. Avicenna brought up a whole galaxy of philosophers, was a vizier. Combining these two incarnations, he seemed to be the ideal of a scientist. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Zemskoy hut was one of the elected bodies on the territory of Tsarist Russia, which controlled and ensured the implementation of local self-government. There were several positions in this body: zemstvo headman, zemstvo deacon, kissers. These positions for a period of 1 to 2 years were occupied by people who were nominated by the people. In addition, it was the local people who financed the body's budget. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thanks to the adoption of the Constitution, 2 rounds of parliamentary elections were held in France, as a result of which the Legislative Assembly was established on October 1, 1791. It was an organization that consisted of only one chamber. The first such institution set itself the goal of fighting the unlimited power of King Louis XVI, defending the interests of the third estate and the state. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The terms "dominion" and "British Commonwe alth" are often used in historical books containing information about the political aspects of the development of European states. Let's take a closer look at the meaning of definitions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The fragmentation of the Russian state served as a prerequisite for the appearance of the royal court. The role of the Sovereign's court in governing the country was great. People close to the king, who held ranks in this structure, could influence the political and economic spheres. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

William Lincoln, the son of Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary, was born in Illinois, in the city of Springfield. The parents chose the boy's name in honor of Mary's brother-in-law. The boy died at the age of 11. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The last ruler of Egypt was Ptolemy XV Caesarion - the son of Cleopatra and Gaius Julius Caesar. He was killed on the orders of Caesar's adopted son Octavian. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, coalition governments are provisional governments that tried to stop the fall of the economy after hostilities and revolutions in order to introduce a democratic form of government. In total, three such governments were created. None of them could hold the power. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

According to fairy tales and textbooks on mythology, Eris appeared from the connection of two gods: Erebus (Darkness) and Nyukta (Night). Her grandfather is Chaos itself. Her sister is Nemesis (the goddess of retribution), and her brothers are the twins Thanatos (the god of death) and Hypnos (the god of sleep). It is known that Eris gave birth to the goddess of hunger - the cruel daughter of Limes. The girl became close friends with the god of war Ores and often traveled with him for entertainment, provoking quarrels and wars between states. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

There are a large number of supporters of the theory that modern civilization was by no means the first in the history of the planet Earth. That is why ancient technologies are treated with increased attention, trying to establish whether there really were advanced civilizations thousands of years ago. In this article, we will talk about the most amazing and unusual objects that have haunted scientists for more than a decade. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The emergence and collapse of the empire of Charlemagne is a significant event in the history of medieval Europe. In essence, after the collapse of the Roman Empire, this was the first attempt to unite various peoples into one large state. The Carolingians pursued an expansive policy aimed at capturing the territories left after the rule of the Romans. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

At the direction of the British Ambassador, the Zanzibar Sultanate is separated from Oman and becomes independent, although legally this state was not under the protectorate of Great Britain. It is unlikely that this small country would have been mentioned on the pages of textbooks if the military conflict that took place on its territory had not entered the annals of history as the shortest war in the world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

One of the most romantic activities is the search for historical artifacts. Everything found in the ground or a cache is usually called the familiar word "treasure". What is gold, silver and precious metals - everyone knows, but is it only considered a treasure?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

You can learn about how the defense of the Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War took place from numerous historical sources. This page of the military history of Russia is considered one of the most important, significant, worth being proud of. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the outstanding statesman of Russia at the end of the 17th century - Alexei Semenovich Shein, the first domestic generalissimo, who entered the glorious galaxy of "chicks of Petrov's nest". A brief outline of the main stages of his life is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This majestic building is one of the oldest in the world. It impresses with its truly gigantic size. This article will be of interest not only to tourists traveling to Italy, but also to schoolchildren studying world art culture (IHC). The temple of Saturn, according to legend, was erected on the site of the altar, which was once erected by the god himself. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Aristotle Onassis is one of the most charismatic and controversial personalities of the last century. The biography of this person until today haunts historians, businessmen and economists who are trying in vain to understand the formula for success, which was so easily guessed by the Greek billionaire. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The famous Medici dynasty is most often associated with the Italian Renaissance. People from this we althy family ruled Florence for a long time and made it the cultural and scientific center of Europe. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The most unstable region on our planet in terms of wars and numerous armed conflicts is, of course, the African continent. Perhaps nowhere else has there been such large-scale casu alties and destruction as in this region. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thomas Torquemada is one of the most famous inquisitors of the Catholic Church. Even today, his name is remembered with a share of fear, since the deeds he committed are truly terrible. And yet, many are sure that it was he who united the warring Spain, thereby making it the most influential country of that time. So, who was the Black Inquisitor really: an ardent fanatic or a prudent politician?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Robert Lee - a famous American general in the Confederate States Army, commanded the Northern Virginia Army. Considered one of the most famous and influential American military leaders in the 19th century. He fought in the Mexican-American War, built forts, served at West Point. With the outbreak of the Civil War, he took the side of the South. In Virginia, he was appointed commander in chief. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The idea of a nation is an interesting subject for research. Moreover, an interesting conclusion of a number of authoritative researchers is that sooner or later, interethnic conflicts must exhaust themselves in favor of more global world communities. However, the planet still has a long way to go. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Many perceive anarchism as a phenomenon that should not develop in the modern world. The signs of anarchy horrify many. But in order to make a final verdict, it is necessary to study the history of the origin of this sign and its types. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The cost of products is usually expressed in world equivalent. This function is performed by money, their origin is associated with the development of commodity exchange and the formation of exchange value. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

An interesting state in the south of Russia - the Galicia-Volyn principality - has gone down in history forever. Geographical position, glorious history and picturesque nature invariably attract lovers to explore the world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Galicia-Volyn principality, geographically located in Eastern Europe, is an interesting symbiosis of close cultures. It arose in 1199, after the unification of the Galician and Volyn lands. Recognized as the largest principality of Southern Russia during feudal fragmentation. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

While wild nomads roamed the territory of ancient Europe, very interesting (sometimes inexplicable) events took place in the East. They are colorfully written in the Old Testament and in other historical sources. For example, such famous biblical stories as the Tower of Babel and the Flood happened just on the territory of Mesopotamia. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

You can better understand the historical processes of the first half of the 20th century by looking at the paintings of artists of that time and reading the most interesting literary works of their contemporaries. Let's go on a little tour. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

If we imagine for a moment that we managed to get into the world of the early 20th century, we will see an amazing landscape: industrial Europe with smoking factories, important capitalists rushing to work in the morning, and socialist parties just beginning to emerge. Well, let's see how the imagination matches the official story. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Everyone has heard of such concepts as the industrial age and industrialization, but few can succinctly characterize them. Well, let's try to figure it out. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the outstanding figure of Russian history, the Grand Duke and Sovereign of All Russia Ivan III Vasilyevich. A brief outline of his life and the main acts committed for the benefit of the state is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article describes the features of the 1938 Soviet kopecks. Tells about the minting and production of such coins. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Vakhtang I Gorgasali was the king of Iberia. He came out of the Chosroid dynasty. His father was King Mithridates VI, and his mother was Queen Sandukhta. Ranked among the saints. Vakhtang was one of the founders of statehood in Georgia in the 2nd half of the 5th century. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Partisans are amazing people with brave hearts who received special awards during the Great Patriotic War. Why was the medal awarded to a partisan of the Great Patriotic War?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

One of the most tragic events in Russian history is Bloody Sunday. In short, on January 9, 1905, a demonstration was shot down, in which about 140 thousand representatives of the working class became participants. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The fantasy world is extremely rich in strong personalities, whose bewitching actions make you forget peace and sleep, seek to expand the horizon of events offered by the author. One of the haunting worlds is the amazing Universe created by the imagination of Vera Kamsha - Eterna. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the history of the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, founded by the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III and erected under the patronage of his son Vasily III - the father of Ivan the Terrible. A brief outline of the main events associated with it is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The name of Vladimir Fedoseevich Raevsky is associated with the Decembrist movement. He is even called the first Decembrist. His activities as a revolutionary were declassified by the authorities four years before the Decembrist uprising in 1825. Raevsky VF became, in fact, the first victim of political persecution by the tsarist authorities. He is also known as a brave warrior who participated in the war of 1812, a poet and a talented publicist. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On the eve of the collapse of the USSR (and back in the early 80s), the situation on the outskirts of the state was such that Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Tajikistan and many other Central Asian republics no longer recognized Moscow and were, in fact, on the way separatism. After the collapse of the Union, a terrible massacre followed: first, our compatriots fell under the distribution, and only then the local authorities began to eliminate all possible competitors. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

August 1945 will forever remain in the memory of the inhabitants of the planet as the time of testing the most powerful weapon of all time. The article contains a brief description of those events and a call for such bombs to never be used again. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01