The Boltzmann constant bears the name of the great scientist, physicist and mathematician - Ludwig Boltzmann. The constant defines the relationship between quantities such as temperature and energy
Science 2024, November
The main feature of any sentence is the presence of a grammatical basis, that is, a predicate and a subject or one of them
It is difficult to define only one scientific speci alty to which John D alton can be attributed. One of the most respected and honored scientists of his time was a physicist, chemist, meteorologist
Scientists predict that in a few decades the planet will run out of traditional resources - coal, oil and gas. How will humanity deal with this problem?
The phenomenon of diffraction is characteristic of absolutely any waves, for example, electromagnetic waves or waves on the surface of water. This article talks about the diffraction of sound. The features of this phenomenon are considered, examples of its manifestation in everyday life and human use are given
Biological oxidation: general concept, stages, types. Oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation. Anaerobic oxidation or glycolysis. Types of fermentation. The history of the development of the concept of oxidation
Nitrifying bacteria are classified as chemoautotrophs and are widely distributed in nature. They are found everywhere: in the soil, various substrates, as well as water bodies. The process of their vital activity makes a great contribution to the general nitrogen cycle in nature and in fact can reach enormous proportions
The phrases "net weight" and "gross weight" are now firmly established in the Russian language. It is unlikely that anyone does not know what these "aliens" from Italy mean
The constellation Cepheus is not famous for the special expressiveness and visibility of its elements. However, it is of great interest to astronomers, since it is here that non-standard variable stars are located, one of the oldest open clusters and Herschel's Garnet Star, which resembles a drop of blood in its color, and surpasses almost all space objects known today in size
Irrational behavior is inherent in many personalities. What is this character trait? Why do people allow themselves such behavior? Is it really just a permission, a personal permission to not pay attention to circumstances when making decisions, not to think about their consequences?
The question of the origin of the Earth, planets and the solar system as a whole has worried people since ancient times. Myths about the origin of the Earth can be traced among many ancient peoples
Personnel management is an important and complex process. The functioning and development of the enterprise depends on how professionally this is done. Management systems help organize this process correctly
The moon doesn't rotate on its axis, does it? For many years, scientists have been arguing on this topic, but they do not find an answer that would satisfy everyone. Everyone puts forward their own hypotheses and tries to prove them. There is currently a controversy regarding this issue
Herpetology is the science that studies reptiles. It also includes batrachology - the study of amphibians. Science explores the structure, habits, features of the development of reptiles and amphibians
Schmidt Otto Yulievich is an outstanding explorer of the North, a Soviet astronomer and mathematician, statesman and public figure, Hero of the Soviet Union, who has achieved world recognition in the scientific field
The biography of Miklouho-Maclay does not just tell the insipid story of a person's life, but captures and does not let go until the last lines. No wonder this famous traveler often became a guest of the emperor's family, to whom he told interesting stories about the Papuans
Biography of the famous primatologist of the last century. Jane Goodall's research and discoveries on the wild life of chimpanzees
What is technology? What is meant by development? What types of technologies exist? Where are they applied?
Erlich Paul is a world famous German scientist and physician who received the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his work in the field of immunology. He was also a chemist and bacteriologist. Became the founder of chemotherapy
There are thousands of named reactions in chemistry, but most of them won't tell a layman anything. But there is one reaction with which everyone is perfectly familiar - this is the Maillard reaction. We encounter it when we drink aromatic coffee, eat freshly baked bread and fried steak. And even when we drink beer with friends. Maillard's chemical reaction is the most "tasty" and it is she who makes the food fragrant and beautiful. And although she surrounds us everywhere - the formation of humus, peat, therapeutic mud - we will talk about her magic in the kitchen
Everyone who is looking for the Bermuda Triangle on the map will be disappointed: there is no clear location and no boundaries. It is known that the most mysterious site in the world is located next to the islands from which it got its name
Biology of the cell in general terms is known to everyone from the school curriculum. We invite you to remember what you once studied, as well as discover something new about it. The name "cell" was proposed as early as 1665 by the Englishman R. Hooke. However, it was only in the 19th century that it began to be studied systematically
Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon in which a person ignites without an external source of fire. This is a paranormal phenomenon, unproven by scientists. Some sources say that after spontaneous combustion, a pile of ash remains, others claim that some parts of the body and whole clothes remain. Eyewitnesses prove that a flame literally bursts out of a person’s mouth, and the torso and head are charred to ashes in a matter of minutes. Some say the flame is blue, others say it's yellow
Copper pyrite is used in various industries. Let's analyze its presence in nature, application
Radioactive radiation poses a threat to living organisms. High doses of radiation lead to severe illness and even death. Therefore, in many situations it is necessary to measure the radiation background of the area or premises. A device for measuring radiation levels is called a dosimeter
The name of this mineral comes from the Greek word "sphaleros", which means "deceptive". Who and how this stone is trying to deceive - read in our article. In addition, from it you will learn about the main physical and chemical properties of the sphalerite mineral, as well as in which areas of modern industry it is used
Cesium is an important raw material for the production of special optical devices, lamps with unique properties and other high-tech products. At the same time, softness is not its most demanded quality
It's amazing how many interesting facts about metals exist! They are one of the most common and frequently used resources that find themselves in completely different areas. An infinitely wide range of possibilities for their application, the need for which manifests itself both in everyday life and in the industrial field. You can tell a lot of interesting things about each element, but now I would like to pay attention to only a few of them
Achievements of population genetics, its massive theoretical substantiation of all natural processes occurring in habitats, allow people to use this knowledge in their own needs. So, phenomena such as inbreeding and outbreeding are very common. A more familiar synonymous concept for these terms is incest. What are these processes from a scientific point of view and what a person can achieve using them, we will analyze in this article
Hydrocarbons are a very large class of organic compounds. They include several main groups of substances, among which almost every one is widely used in industry, everyday life, and nature. Of particular importance are halogenated hydrocarbons, which will be discussed in the article
What is the reason for the infertility of interspecific hybrids? Methods for solving such a problem. General concept of types and types of crossing, characteristics of first generation hybrids. Interspecific hybrids, their features and examples
Carboxylic acids: physical properties, chemical properties, history of discovery and study. Obtaining in the laboratory and industry, reaction equations. The main compounds of carboxylic acids: soaps and esters. Characteristics of acetic and formic acids
Manganese is a chemical element: electronic structure, history of discovery. Physical and chemical properties, production, applications. Interesting element details
The unit of the evolutionary process is the population. Characterization of population and species as units of evolution. The main provisions of the evolutionary doctrine according to Darwin. The history of the development of evolutionary doctrine
The article tells about the basic properties of the fabric, what is hygroscopicity and what it depends on. In addition, you will learn how the ability of a material to absorb moisture is determined in the laboratory
There are thousands of varieties of stones on Earth. And without a doubt, these are the most common formations on the planet, because the Earth itself is a stone covered with a thin layer of soil. Rocks, as we also call them, are completely diverse in their characteristics, composition, value, but above all - density. This is simply an indispensable material used in all kinds of construction when choosing the right stone. Density then becomes a fundamental criterion
The greatest insights in biology of the 19th-20th centuries are considered to be the works of Charles Darwin on evolution, Gregor Mendel on heredity and variability, and Thomas Hunt Morgan on genes and chromosomes
Climatic chambers heat-cold-moisture (TCW) are designed to create special conditions that are closest to natural. However, outdated units did not give the desired result, so you had to constantly use additional equipment. Previously, this whole process took a lot of time and effort and did not always end successfully. But since the advent of improved models, the general situation has undergone dramatic changes
During the period of development of human civilization, important documents containing a lot of valuable information have accumulated enough. They are studied by paleography. This is a discipline that comprehends the secrets of handwritten historical monuments in terms of graphics and writing methods
Many people are interested in dispersing clouds. Indeed, a very interesting topic. How are they dispersed? How much money is spent on this? In general, it is worth noting that you really have to spend a lot. This pleasure is now very expensive. So, one of the last holidays cost the Russian government 430 thousand rubles. This is a very large amount. Many consider it a waste of money. But it's interesting anyway. How to disperse clouds?