Technical teaching aids greatly simplify the task of a modern teacher. With their help, selection, transfer, transformation, display of information is carried out.
The use of technical teaching aids in a modern school allows you to automate many intellectual processes.
Meaning and relevance
After the introduction of new federal educational standards in domestic schools, the objects of education have become much more complicated. Technical teaching aids enable the teacher to go beyond the classroom, explain and demonstrate to the children those processes and phenomena that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
With their rational use, the teacher transforms teaching time, models space, which has a positive effect on increasing cognitive interest in various academic disciplines among the younger generation.
Technological learning aids demonstrate complex technological processes that are difficult to understand with chalk and blackboard.
ICT make it possible to expand illustrative material, createproblematic situations, to carry out search activities with schoolchildren not only in the classroom, but also in extracurricular work.
Inclusive learning
Technical learning aids are designed not only for talented students, but also for children who have physical disabilities. Such children cannot attend school together with he althy children, but they have the right to receive knowledge and skills. At present, original technical training aids have been created for them.
The program is compiled individually for each child, taking into account his physical condition, interests and intellectual abilities. Among the surdotechnical means, sound amplifying equipment for individual and collective use is singled out, thanks to which it is possible to work on improving impaired auditory perception in deaf and hard of hearing children.
Such technical means of teaching at school are devices that transmit information about sound phenomena that are converted into light, tactile and vibration signals that are felt by the surface of the body.
Key aspects of TCO
The effectiveness of their application is characterized by three interrelated aspects: methodological, technical, organizational.
Technical means in the learning process involve adaptation, improvement, development, which is used for feedback between the teacher andstudents. They help to process, document information, organize self-study.
In the event that visual and technical teaching aids are used ineptly, they will not give the desired effect. Among educators and teachers, the vast majority are women who do not understand technology.
A serious psychological barrier is the fear of equipment failures. In order to cope with it, it is necessary to acquaint employees of kindergartens and schools with TCO, the rules for their application, and service features.
Applications
All modern technical teaching aids, according to the degree of application, the level of preparedness of students, are divided into three levels of application:
- episodic;
- synchronous;
- systematic.
In the first case, the teacher only occasionally uses TCO. Synchronous application is associated with their constant inclusion in the educational and educational process.
The systematic use of technology allows the teacher to expand the scope of the taught academic discipline.
Modern TCO
At the stage of personality formation in a child, the foundations of ideas, concepts, knowledge and skills are laid. The increasing amount of information learned meaningfully by schoolchildren involves the use of technical teaching aids, the improvement of upbringing and teaching methods.
TSO give the teacher the opportunity to improve the educational and educational processes,improve the skills and abilities of their pupils.
Technical devices with didactic support are used to process and optimize information. They combine two concepts:
- didactic;
- technical.
Classification
Special technical training aids are being introduced into the educational process to improve its quality and efficiency.
Visual types include transparencies, filmstrips, various slide projection equipment.
Audio TSOs are sound recording and reproducing equipment, phonograms.
Manipulation options include a variety of simulators.
A variety of computer equipment and consumables are called automatic learning aids.
Currently it is difficult to find a school in Russia that does not have a computer class. This type of TCO is the most promising option for ensuring the quality of the educational process.
There are several options for computer equipment suitable for kindergartens, schools, gymnasiums, lyceums:
- by the nature of the provision of information (sound, screen, screen-sound);
- by functionality (multimedia equipment, auxiliary equipment, technical classroom complexes).
Use directions
There are currently three routes in use:
- modernization of upbringing and educational work aimed atdeepening, emotional perception of program knowledge by schoolchildren, getting a complete picture of the culture and traditions of their native land, information about the environment;
- scientific organization of pedagogical work in educational institutions, professional development, exchange of experience, improvement of methods and methods of work;
- public education.
TCO Options
There are special simulators that allow you to assess the level of UUN. For example, a vehicle condition inspector is used to assess the condition of computer equipment in a car.
Training involves developing skills, identifying and eliminating problems in theoretical and practical knowledge.
Computers used in modern schools are equipped with special programs that allow teachers to manage the cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the field of the formation of arithmetic calculation skills, physical and chemical tasks.
Special editors make it possible to create graphics during drawing and drawing lessons.
All programs used in domestic gymnasiums, schools, lyceums are adapted to the individual age characteristics of children and adolescents.
Depending on the specifics of the taught academic discipline, the teacher can systematically or periodically use various types of technical teaching aids in the educational and educational process.
TCO Features
Modern PCsare created with a liquid crystal screen, can be powered by electric batteries, from the mains, accumulators (up to 5 V). They consume little power and can be installed in any classroom.
This PC is equipped with many additional devices, so you can combine texts with animation, speech, music. Multimedia is an excellent assistant for teachers of preschool educational institutions. In classes aimed at developing speech skills, the formation of an aesthetic perception of the world around, kids with the help of TSO learn to recognize animals by sounds, appearance, habits.
If technical teaching aids are used periodically in preschool educational institutions, then in schools, lyceums, gymnasiums they are indispensable at every lesson. Each subject has its own curriculum. For example, an interactive course in physics allows you to consider those phenomena and processes that the teacher cannot demonstrate.
A huge amount of information can be placed on small removable media using disks (floppy disks) as needed.
Among the innovations that have entered Russian schools is the introduction of electronic diaries and journals. Without TCO, filling out such documentation would be impossible. Multimedia allows the teacher to compile comparative tables, analyze the individual achievements of each child, build development trajectories for each pupil.
Important Facts
What is a controllertechnical condition of vehicles? Learning traffic rules involves not only the rules of the road, but also consideration of the device of the car. Driving schools acquire TCO equipped with special simulators. Training is built in such a way that future drivers work out the theoretical knowledge gained in lectures. This greatly simplifies the preparation for passing exams, is a guarantee of the release of qualified drivers from driving schools.
In order for TCO to be as effective as possible, you must first learn how to use such gadgets.
First, the teacher gives instructions, explains the specifics of the equipment, the rules for working with it. Only after that, students begin independent work.
Efficiency in use
It is directly related to the stages of the lesson. For example, if TCO is used in a lesson for more than 20 minutes, this leads to the fact that students stop understanding, processing, comprehending information, losing interest in the lesson.
Psychologists are convinced that the best option would be to use technical means at the beginning of the lesson. 5-10 minutes is enough to focus the class on the problem that will be considered during the lesson.
You can use TCO in the middle of a lesson to maintain sustained class attention. The monotonous use of the same method of teaching leads to a significant inhibition of the central nervous system, the loss of the ability to perceive the information presented.
How to avoid thisProblems? Psychologists recommend school teachers to alternate emotional load with unloading, for example, theoretical material is accompanied by watching a fragment, slides, cartoons.
Conclusion
Technical teaching aids, which include personal computers, multimedia, have become an integral part of the educational process. Given the functionality and significance of TCOs, they are currently classified according to various criteria.
Taking into account the functional purpose, they are divided into means that allow you to transfer educational information, control universal learning skills, and carry out self-learning. There are also devices that combine several functionalities at once.
A distinctive feature of tape recorders, epiprojectors, graph projectors, video recorders is the ability to convert information into a form that is convenient for perception.
Currently, educational organizations use a variety of technical complexes and devices that allow, according to the necessary criteria and programs, to evaluate the option of mastering educational material. They differ in the type of training programs, methods of inputting students' answers.
It is difficult to imagine an educational institution in the Russian Federation, where any technical teaching aids would not be used. And in kindergartens, and in schools, and in higher educational institutions, TSOs allow introducing innovative achievements into the educational processmodern science and technology.
