This article is devoted to the section of history called "the development and formation of social democracy", as well as the origins, ideology, values and meaning that separate it from other important manifestations in the field of public administration. For a better understanding of this type of socio-political movement, it is necessary to identify the key components. Let's see what exactly is hidden under the concept of "social democracy".
Origins and history of development
What is it - social democracy? If you pick up any dictionary, textbook, then as a definition for this term it will be indicated that this is a socio-political movement and an ideological and political trend pursuing a revolution in politics, the struggle for equality. This is an important part of the history not only of Russia, but also of other foreign countries.
How it came about
The emergence of social democracy was determined against the backdrop of the French Revolution, as well as the then existing capitalism. It was at that time that the social democratic parties appeared. The creation of such parties was associated with the protection of the interests of the working class. To the peoplenever liked the fact that rich people had more rights and opportunities. There are special trade unions that were members of such parties.
In the process of formation of social democracy, the Frankfurt Declaration was adopted, which consolidated the main values, as well as the possibility of pursuing a specific goal. The stated goal of the party members is the creation of a solidarity society.
The very concept of "social democracy" appeared in 1888. And for the first time voiced by B. Show. At the core of the concept was an established program for integrating the working movement into the political system. The system called "welfare state" incorporates income differentiation, which leads to stability and harmony in social relations. The center was propagandized freedom. But freedom here means not only social, but also individual, that is, a separate individual.
It should be noted that the emergence of social democracy determined the formation of a culture in which realism, honesty, tolerance and a tendency to compromise are inextricably linked. Everyone should have the right to freedom of speech and the pursuit of well-intentioned goals. Infringement only stifled progress.
Higher worldview
How was the ideology of social democracy formed? Politics developed with the help of the ideas of C. Fourier, R. Owen and others. The very same origins originate against the backdrop of the industrial revolution, utopian socialism. Marxism had a great influence on ideological manifestations. But later, in the twentiethcentury, with the positive movement of the working class, this influence receded into the background. Even later, the ideas of social democracy and the ideas of Bolshevism began to compete with each other. Time has shown that the interests of the working class can be protected by peaceful means. Here, as a significant example, it is worth citing the “Swedish model”. Its difference is the refusal to participate in wars, that is, in other words, political pacifism.
Basics
The Stockholm Declaration proclaimed freedom, equality and solidarity. The main provisions were divided into political, economic and social democracy. All of them are united by the desire to improve the quality and conditions of life of citizens, their well-being, the opportunity to work, improve, and use their potential. At the moment, these views are difficult to separate from other political ideological orientations, since they have similar concepts and attitudes.
Values and Goals
The main list can be given as follows: protection of human rights, equality, the principle of fair trade, social partnership and trade unions, support for the poor, the fight against unemployment, state and social guarantees (child care, pensions, he alth care), environmental protection.
In the Russian Federation
The Russian political system developed very slowly, within the labor movement. In the 60s of the nineteenth century, Marx and Engels created the so-called International. He expressed himself inin the form of a huge international party of workers. The very first such party in Russia was created in 1898. Further, on the basis of contradictions and disagreements, the party was divided into "left" and "right". The International was modified and renamed. The Socialist International is still active.
In modern Russia, the Social Democrats are trying to find new allies, ways of development. At this stage, the principles of this trend are in constant development, as there is a shortage in the number of voters. There is a division into groups that differ in their specific approaches: by the degree of state intervention in the economy, by the ratio of sectors of the economy, and others. Here the focus is on priorities. And this is the formation of a civil society, the creation of a socially oriented market economy, respect and implementation of legal rights and freedoms.
Representatives
The Russian party is called the RSDLP. The number of its representatives is more than thirty. Among them: Golov A. G., Dzharasov S. S., Lakin M. I., Martov Yu. O., Obolensky A. M. and others. As for the foreign representatives of Social Democracy, here are a few of them: F. Lassalle, G. F. Zundel, S. W. Andersson, and others. At present, there are about eight dozen such parties in the world. The main representatives are the working class, intelligentsia, medium and small businesses.
Modern social democracy
What is she now?
In the early nineties there weresome changes in the social democracy of Russia and foreign countries. In individual countries, such as Sweden, special packages of documents were adopted that determined the plans for the development of this movement for a certain period of time. According to the representatives, social democracy in the person of the working class has achieved great successes, but still this is not enough to take political power into its own hands. But this is their main task. At the present stage, members of the Social Democratic Party single out a market economy and a market society. The second can safely be called capitalism, against which the social democrats oppose. They also actively promote equality, the opportunity to work and learn new professions, raising the standard and quality of life of the working class.
Social liberalism
You can give the distinctive features of social liberalism and social democracy. Representatives of the latter are called democratic socialists, since, in fact, they are in favor of democratic socialism. They express a rejection of the modern market, they have their own formed ideas. In the first place - justice, the division into equal parts of social income. They are also for social guarantees, for proper regulation by the state, lowering tax rates for further development. The Social Democrats support the state's right to own its property through society.
Social liberals, on the contrary, are for private property, and also against state powerhandled the means of production. According to the existing ideology, there should be both. The social liberals are for one thing, for example, production. But there must be both production and redistribution, as well as supply and demand. The expansion of foreign trade can also be attributed to their views.
New time and political ideologies
At the present stage, the main political ideologies can be distinguished - these are social democracy, liberalism, conservatism, as well as fascism, communism. Liberalism arose against the background of feudal orders, and its main views were:
- workers' ability to participate in management;
- private property;
- social justice, rewards for talent and hard work.
Conservatism began to serve as a response ideology. His main focus is home, family, order and stability. Maintaining a person, preserving values formed in the past.
It is also worth highlighting fascism. From the moment of its inception, it began to express the aggressive views of various sections of the bourgeoisie. The dominance of one race over another is key. Distinctive features have become harsh methods in government, the suppression of the interests of society, their rights and freedoms.
Social Democratic Parties in foreign countries
The main such party in Germany can be called the General German Workers' Union. Such a party consists of more than four hundred members who pay mandatory contributions. Within this party, special subgroups of workers were created to protect the interests of individualsocial groups.
The Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden is recognized as the largest party. It closely cooperates with the trade union parties of the country. Their ideology lies in the desire to form democracy, equality, public rights and freedoms. They pay special attention to the development of social programs. There are also related organizations: the union of youth, women, students. The main body of the party is the Party Congress.
You can also call the Democratic Party of Italy. This party became the successor of the coalition, which was losing the number of its voters. The party consists of regional, regional and provincial unions. The main body of the party is the National Assembly. There are the following intra-party trends: liberal, Christian socialist, ecological, social democratic.
Evaluation. Negative or positive?
Assessment of the situation remains traditional, and also covers the sides of socialism and democracy. Constantly there are reasons for accusing her of insolvency. This became especially pronounced after the division in Russia of the party into Bolsheviks and Social Democrats. One side blamed the other, for example, for abandoning the class struggle. The revision of views led social democracy to a kind of revision of established doctrines. Many representatives of the party were subjected to harsh criticism, as they leaned not towards the workers, but towards the middle bourgeoisie. After a slight loss of political influence, such a movement still holds on and is considered quite popular. This is because social democracythey consider it the very ideology that must be adhered to and followed, although it is not always possible to put it into practice.
Meaning
In order to avoid separating the interests of society and the state, ideas are needed. And these ideas must be significant. Therefore, speaking of social democracy, we can say that it helps to make citizens in society equally indebted to the state. The protection of rights and freedoms, social security, the opportunity to look at a brighter future are already coming to the fore here. For many years of existence, this trend has shown a variety of ideas. Despite some changes, the social democracy was still able to solve the problems that it initially faced. Therefore, today it can be called the leading force of the public. A plus was the change in social democratic ideology. And the main advantage can be called the fact that the liberal concept was closely attached to the socialist one.
No one knows exactly what idea the people developing social democracy had, but it led to positive results. Life has definitely become easier for every citizen. This policy of reform did not lead to a revolutionary struggle, but, on the contrary, resolved the conflicts of centuries.
We have analyzed the concept of social democracy. Russian current movement was also mentioned.
