The work of a teacher in a school requires careful planning of their activities and the work of students. This allows you to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of training for a certain period.
Essence and purpose of planning
The work of a teacher implies the development of clearly regulated activities for the formation of students' knowledge, skills and abilities. Plans are the basis of the goal-setting function of education. Management of the learning process is carried out precisely through the preparation of manuals. The work plan is a diagram of the order of actions of teachers, the director and his deputy, which are aimed at improving the efficiency of pedagogical activity, student achievement, predicting the work of the school as a whole. In addition, it makes it possible to identify the main methods of work in the classroom. The work plan expresses the frequency of classroom and extracurricular activities, individual lessons, olympiads and competitions. Thus, this is the goal of the pedagogical process, expressed in writing.
Main planning goals:
- Formation of learning objectives.
- Problem setting of the educational process.
- Prospects for the teaching activities of the school.
- Increasequalifications of employees of educational institutions.
- Formation of the base for social protection of students and teachers.
- Identification of the effectiveness of the educational process.
Identifying learning opportunities
The plan for the year demonstrates the main tasks that the educational institution sets for itself. It expresses the prospects for the development of schoolchildren of different age groups. Plans are an opportunity to predict personnel changes and restructuring, introduce innovations, improve the level of classroom equipment, and the professionalism of teachers.
Identification of prospects is based on the standards and laws in the field of education, information in this industry, obtained through monitoring and analysis. To draw up a plan, you will need a clear goal, coordination of actions in the teaching staff, among parents and students. You need to know your spending budget.
The plan is made by the board of the school or other educational institution. It is approved at the general meeting. It is necessary to be guided in the formation of the plan by the chronological framework, the tasks set, and the available resources.
Development of an educational institution
The school development plan aims to increase the level of knowledge of students using the latest methods and teaching aids. It is based on the modern doctrine of education, pedagogical standards.
The main objectives of developmental planning are:
- Focus on innovation in pedagogy.
- Formation of values in students: moral, spiritual,civilian.
- Increased sense of responsibility, independence, initiative, duty.
- As part of the development plan, teachers should introduce the latest methods of education and upbringing of schoolchildren, technologies for maintaining he alth, set specific goals, guided by the doctrine of student-centered learning.
- The school administration is responsible for providing the means of obtaining knowledge and skills, for methods and technologies, and for the qualifications of the teaching staff. The main task is to systematize the normative base of the educational process.
The results of developing planning should be: increasing the level of knowledge and skills of students, creating conditions for the development of the student's personality, introducing innovative technologies.
Long term planning
The main criterion for classification is the time frame. Thus, there are two fundamental types: long-term and short-term.
The purpose of the first is to develop directives for the long term. The main time unit is the academic year. What's being discussed?
- How to enroll in a school.
- Organization of work with parents.
- Cooperation with medical and higher educational institutions.
- How to develop children's personality through extracurricular activities.
What is the value of long term planning? It reflects the global tasks of the school and its staff. Big goals have big implications, so this type of planning should be done responsibly.
Short-term planning
Short-term planning is more narrowly focused. It is focused not on the educational process in general, but on the personality of each student. If we take an example of a plan, we will see in it the prescribed needs of various age groups, specific children. For example, work with specific students on an individual basis is provided. The purpose of such classes is to increase the level of knowledge of the student, taking into account the peculiarities of his perception, memory, attention.
Unit of time in short-term planning - school day, week, quarter, lesson. The age group of students, external conditions (climate, weather, season), the state of a particular student, and the goals set are taken into account.
The summer work plan allows you to think over activities for students for the extracurricular period: these are both recreational and recreational activities.
Thematic planning
Implemented on the basis of a curriculum approved by the Ministry of Education. Calendar-thematic planning - the development of a scheme for studying a particular discipline during the academic year, semester, quarter. At the state level, provisions have been developed that govern its rules.
The thematic plan provides for a certain amount of time and effort to study the course, setting goals and problems. It spells out the key skills and abilities that the student must master. Plans are structured documents, according to which each topic should be studied for a designated number of hours. Makes this directivethe teacher himself, and at the end of the course has the opportunity to determine the level of achievement of educational and developmental goals.
The task of the school administration is to monitor the implementation of the plan, which, in addition to the topic and time, indicates study aids. Outlines are a way of defining teaching aids and rules for using them in a lesson.
Lesson planning
The smallest unit in making plans is a guide to action for each lesson. The objectives of the lesson, teaching aids, type of lesson and its main milestones, learning outcomes are determined.
The lesson plan should correspond to the curriculum in the subject, as well as the thematic plan. Its value is that the teacher has the opportunity to allocate time by topic. What to be guided by? First, the program. Secondly, the complexity of the topic. Some problems require more detailed study and more time. Thirdly, the individual characteristics of the perception of students of a particular class.
What are the learning objectives?
The concept of the triune purpose is fundamental here:
- Cognitive. It determines the level, quantity and quality of knowledge that the student must master in the lesson. These are skills and abilities. Knowledge must be fundamental, deep, meaningful. For example, in a history course, lesson planning includes a list of dates, historical personalities, concepts that the student must master in the course of mastering knowledge on the topic.
- Educational. Insofar aspersonality formation is one of the tasks of the school, lesson planning determines what qualities of character should be instilled in the student. For example, patriotism, respect for comrades, a sense of duty, tolerance.
- Developing - the most difficult. Here, the versatile development of the student is necessary: sensory, mental, motor, speech and more.
The goal should not only be written in the plan. It is necessary to check the quality of the results achieved at the end of the lesson. If the teacher has not carried out quality control of the assimilation of the material - knowledge and skills - such an activity cannot be considered effective.
What are the lessons?
Planning involves determining the type of lesson. What are they? The main criterion for classification is the goal. Depending on it, lessons are distinguished:
- Gaining knowledge of what has not been studied before. The methods used by the teacher depend on the age of the audience, the specific topic.
- Skill learning is a lesson in which new types of work are tried out. For example, laboratory or practical.
- Systematization and consolidation of knowledge - consolidation of what has been learned earlier.
- Quality control of the learned. Simply put, a test, but the forms of its implementation can be different - oral or written, individual or frontal.
- Combined - a lesson that involves both learning new things and consolidating old material.
The last type is the most common - several didactic tasks can be set and solved.
New knowledge is acquired throughlectures, conversations, the use of technical teaching aids, independent work. The formation or consolidation of skills can be carried out during the excursion, laboratory work, seminar. Systematization and control of knowledge include written control and independent work, frontal or individual surveys.
Each type has a certain structure, which is determined by the objectives of the lesson. By following the learning objectives and acting according to the plan, you can give the material more effectively, and it will be easier for students to absorb it.
How to make a lesson plan?
Plans are a necessity in the work of a teacher. They will have to be compiled - but this is not a formal requirement. A plan will make the job easier because you can think through all the little things in advance.
Let's give an example of a history lesson plan on the topic "World War II".
Informative goal: students should learn the concepts: “blitzkrieg”, “offensive operation”, “Anti-Hitler coalition”, “forcing” and key dates.
Educational: the formation of a sense of patriotism, respect for the feat of the heroes of the war.
Developing: to consolidate the ability to use a historical map, operate with terms and concepts, justify your thoughts, work with chronology, synchronize events.
Teaching aids: map, textbooks, test book.
Lesson type: combined.
Lesson progress
1. Greeting students.
2. Actualization of basic knowledge (method of conversation withclass):
- What was the internal political situation in Germany in the late 30s of the twentieth century? And in the USSR?
- Describe the system of international relations. What organizations were formed? What was the state of the Versailles-Washington system?
- Which countries can you name leaders for 1939 and why?
3. Learning new material according to plan:
- German attack on Poland.
- Aggression against the USSR.
- The initial stage of the war.
- Years of turning point: Stalingrad and Kursk.
- Interception of the strategic initiative. The USSR goes on the offensive. Liberation of territories.
- Japanese campaign.
- Consequences of hostilities.
4. Consolidation of the acquired knowledge - the method of written survey is used. Tasks for tests from a special notebook-task book.
5. Results (homework, grading).
Instead of a conclusion
Proper planning of educational activities at school is the key to high-quality, strong knowledge of students. It makes it possible to determine the level of preparation of students. Planning is the key to the successful implementation of the goal-setting function of education. The main source for drawing up the plan is the curriculum - with its help, lesson, thematic, annual directives of educational activities are formed.
