Before final exams, many students experience stress. One of the reasons is the need to write a summary. The reason is the inability to formulate one's thoughts. Can this be learned? Yes, and in this article we will look at what a GIA summary is, how to write it and avoid common mistakes.
What is an outline?
A presentation is a creative type of work in which students are read the text and, depending on the task, they must retell it in writing.
The main purpose of the presentation is to develop spelling and style skills.
How do you write an essay? All work is divided into 4 stages:
- teacher reads text twice;
- students sketch in draft;
- after the second reading, they write a draft version;
- students check the text for errors, and if everything is correct, rewrite everything in a white copy.
What is the presentation like?
Before you know how to write a correct essay, you need to find out how it happens.
- detailed - the text is retold keeping the sequence of events and actions.
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concise - retelling the main points of the text.
- selective - a statement of certain points in the text associated with a certain character or action.
How to write an essay?
Depending on the type, the approach to writing the presentation will differ. So how do you write an essay?
In a detailed written retelling, the following steps should be followed:
- select the main idea from the text;
- determine the style of writing - artistic, journalistic, colloquial, scientific.
- think about the genre of the future presentation - description, reasoning, narration.
- think about the sequence of retelling and write it from one person.
When writing a concise summary, the following steps should be followed:
- split the text into several parts;
- select sentences with semantic load from them;
- exclude material that does not affect the overall meaning of the story.
When writing sample essays, you need to retell the text according to the assignment.
Substitution, elimination and merging techniques are possible in all variants, but most of all they are used when writing a concise presentation. How do you write a summary?
Replacement involves replacing individual words with common words. For example, "men and women" - to "people", "pupils and pupils" - to "children" or "schoolchildren".
Exclusion involves text compression by getting rid of lexical repetitions, homogeneous members and sentences that carry less semantic load. For example, the sentence “Every devoted and loving resident of the city came out to defend his native walls” can be shortened to this sentence: “Every resident came out to defend the city.”
Merge involves combining two complex sentences into one complex sentence. For example, these two complex sentences can be combined into one: “A person who works long and hard on his goal will sooner or later achieve it, despite the opinions of others. To do this, he must believe in himself and go towards his dream, despite the obstacles.” The result of the union: “Only faith in oneself and hard work will lead a person to the goal, despite the opinions of others and obstacles.”
How to write a GIA summary?
Writing a summary is required for the 9th grade final exam. It differs from the usual presentation in that the students listen to an audio recording. This innovation came in 2014. This fact affected the quality of work, which deteriorated markedly. The deterioration in the quality of the work was due to the fact that the teacher, while reading the text, focused on the average student and emphasized important points, while in the recording the speaker reads the text very quickly, depersonalizing it. So, how to write a GIA 2014 summaryof the year? You can focus on the following tips:
- when listening to the text for the first time, try to understand its main idea while taking notes for the abstract and the future plan.
- try to mentally retell the text according to plan;
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during the second listening, add missing information to the records;
- start writing a rough draft;
- break the written text into paragraphs and count the number of words in each;
- count the number of words received and, if there are less than 70, then increase the text by adding adjectives, gerunds, participles, replacing pronouns with nouns;
- check the text for errors and, if there are none, carefully rewrite the text on the control sheet.
How do you write a GIA statement? The main requirements for it are at least 70 words, it must consist of 3 paragraphs.
How to avoid common mistakes?
When writing a presentation, a student may encounter typical mistakes:
- in speech, grammar and syntax;
- in material transfer;
- logical nature.
How to write an essay in Russian to avoid these mistakes?
Speech errors are divided into mechanical (typos) and normative. With the first, you just need to be careful and check the text before passing. A technique used in typography will help here: read the text from the bottom up - so thoughts will focus on errors,not on content. The second type of errors is more difficult, since here you need to know the norms of the language.
Spelling errors occur when a student does not know the correct spelling of a word. For example, "sorry" instead of "sorry". To avoid them, you need to build a rich vocabulary by reading as much fiction and periodicals as possible, and write vocabulary dictations. To do this, you can record a series of words with pauses on the recorder and write them, and write the words with errors in a row.
The cause of syntactic errors is the use of words in an unusual meaning and in case of disagreement. For example, the sentence “We often saw Svetlana and talked to Svetlana every time” could be replaced with “We often saw Svetlana and talked to her.”
Under stylistic errors understand the distortion of the meaning of the text. To avoid this, you need to respect the word order in the sentence and coordinate the secondary members of the sentence with the words dependent on them.
Under the incorrect transmission of material and logical errors understand the distortion of the meaning of the text and incorrect argumentation. The reason is the student's misunderstanding of the text. To avoid this mistake, you need to ask questions: what is the text about, what did the author want to say, what arguments in the text confirm this guess, does the student agree with the author's thought.
How to teach a child to write a summary: recommendations
The skill of writing a presentation is not formed on the eve of the exam. Preparation for it must begin in advance - a month, six months or earlier, depending on the level of preparation of the child. Then on the examthe student will not have a question how to write presentations in Russian.
- teach your child how to shorten words and use shorthand;
- find examples of GIA audio texts and write statements from the plan above;
- write vocabulary dictations.
How to write a correct presentation? The answer to the question is periodic practice, and even the most difficult task can be completed without problems.
