The goal of environmental education is to instill patriotic qualities in the younger generation. This problem is multifaceted. Currently, ecology has become a separate science that helps people live in harmony with the natural community.
The goals and objectives of the environmental education of preschoolers are associated with the formation of the child's desire and ability to comply with the basic laws of ecology.
Orientation and relevance
Regardless of the specialization of the teacher, it is now important to pay attention to the issues of environmental development and education of the younger generation. All areas of personal development should be closely related to educating a child to take the natural world seriously.
Important aspects
In preschool pedagogy, this direction appeared at the end of the twentieth century, and today it is in its infancy. The purpose of the ecologicaleducating preschoolers is laying the foundations of love for the living world for the younger generation, which will allow the child to develop and survive in harmony with nature in the future.
Purpose
Taking into account the new educational standards, the goals and objectives of environmental education of children can be noted:
- creation and successful implementation of an educational and upbringing model that allows to achieve the effect - a manifestation of respect for nature among preschoolers;
- creating an atmosphere of importance and significance of environmental issues in the teaching staff;
- formation in an educational preschool institution of conditions that allow the implementation of environmental education for preschool children;
- constant improvement of their qualifications by teaching staff, mastering new methods of environmental education by teachers, raising the level of culture of parents of preschoolers;
- conducting ongoing work with children within the framework of certain methodological technologies;
- diagnostics of the formation of skills of caring for the living world in preschool children;
- drawing up environmental education plans based on the results obtained.
Children of 4-6 years of age have certain age characteristics, which is the basis for the formation of worldview ideas, gives the educator great opportunities for environmental education.
Aspects of activity
Goalecological education can be achieved only if the educator is interested in this issue. It is the teacher who is the main figure in the pedagogical process, making a decisive contribution to the environmental education of the younger generation.
The main aspects of his personality characterize the possibility of forming the foundations of a respectful attitude towards the biosphere in preschool children:
- awareness of the problem, a sense of civic responsibility for the situation, the desire to contribute to its change;
- pedagogical skill and professionalism, possession of methods for developing love for the world of animals and plants among young citizens, the systematic implementation of technology in practical activities in raising children, creative search for its improvement;
- practical implementation of the humanistic educational model in order to educate environmental culture.
The teacher should create a favorable atmosphere for finding kids in kindergarten, take care of the mental and physical he alth of children. The use of personality-oriented educational methods, individualization of work with pupils and their parents is the main goal of environmental education.
Specific environmental education in preschool educational institutions
It is part of the educational process, contributing to the development of speech, logical thinking, erudition, and emotionality in preschool children. The use of such methods in preschool educational institutions contributes to moraleducation of preschoolers, allows you to educate a harmoniously developed personality.
The goal of ecological education of children is to master the norms of safe behavior based on the simplest knowledge, awareness of the importance of caring for the living world.
Fedoseyeva's environmental education concepts
Love for the native nature, a caring attitude towards it are formed in the child's soul only when the baby constantly sees examples of such an attitude from the educator, parents, grandparents.
Specificity of Nikolaeva's technique
The goals of environmental education of schoolchildren in the author's methodology of S. N. Nikolaeva are defined as the "formation" of a correct and conscious attitude to nature in all its versatility. This concept includes a careful attitude to the historical heritage of the native land, its people as an integral part of nature. The components of ecological culture, according to S. N. Nikolaeva, are not only the possession of theoretical knowledge about nature, but also the ability to apply them in real life.
Among the main tasks that Nikolaeva refers to environmental education, one can single outseveral areas. In the scientific and educational field, the author highlights:
- formation in preschoolers of the simplest scientific knowledge that is available for their understanding and awareness;
- inculcating a cognitive interest in the natural world;
- formation of skills and abilities to observe phenomena occurring in wildlife.
In the moral and emotional sphere, the author of the methodology sets the following tasks:
- cultivating a caring, positive, caring attitude to the world around;
- development of self-perception as an integral part of the living world;
- realization of the value of each object of nature.
The purpose of environmental education in the practical and activity aspect involves the formation of preschoolers' primary skills and abilities of competent and safe behavior in the biosphere. Nikolaeva notes that it is necessary to develop in children the skills of rational use of natural resources in everyday life from an early age. In order to form the foundations of ecological culture, the author proposes to involve preschoolers in activities related to caring for plants and animals.
The purpose of environmental education involves the formation of the child's ability to anticipate the results of his attitude to the environment. This predetermines the main directions of work of educators in a preschool educational institution.
Feature of N. A. Ryzhova's method of eco-development of preschoolers
According to the author, the ecological culture of childrenpreschool age can be described as "a certain level of perception by the child of the world around him, nature, assessment of his position in the ecosystem."
Thanks to the assimilation of ecological, moral rules of behavior in nature by a preschooler, it is possible to establish his correct and safe relationship with the nature that surrounds him in his native village, village, city.
That is why it is so important to include an emotional component in the process of educating the ecological culture of preschool children, to select methods and means that effectively influence the motivational and moral spheres of a child's personality.
Selection of content
In order to realize the goals of environmental education of schoolchildren and preschoolers, it is important to select the content of education. In this case, environmental knowledge will become the basis for fostering a culture of respect for wildlife. They will help form a certain system of values in the younger generation, create an idea of a person as an integral part of nature.
The task of the teacher is to develop in pupils a sense of responsibility for their lives and he alth.
Environmental education and self-development of a preschooler
If a teacher uses in his work methods that are based on the emotionality of the child - his ability to be surprised, sympathize, empathize, take care of the people around him, plants, animals, see the beauty of the landscape, this will allow him to achieve his goal - to educate harmoniously developed personality.
Emphasis in their workthe educator does on the formation of skills of respect for the living world, the development of labor skills, the acquaintance of preschool children with plants and animals common in a particular area. Children not only receive theoretical information, but also work out the acquired knowledge in the process of caring for flowers on the site, animals in the living corner.
When working with preschool children, teachers try to pay close attention to conducting experiments and experiments, involving their pupils in design and research activities in the field of ecology.
For example, children of senior preschool age first get acquainted with the birds living in their region, then together with their parents make feeders, observe feathered pets.
Conclusion
Currently, environmental education of preschool children should not be limited to theoretical studies. Due to age characteristics, children are characterized by curiosity, which the teacher should use to select effective methods for educating environmental culture.
This process should be an organized, purposeful, systematic, consistent, systematic algorithm for the formation of a system of skills, beliefs, attitudes, moral qualities, which guarantees the development and formation of a responsible attitude towards nature as a universal value.
The main task of environmental education of modern preschool children isfostering in them a positive attitude towards their native land, its natural resources.
This process should be integrated into school education. That is why, after the introduction of new educational standards at all levels of schooling, the subject "ecology" appeared.
Integrated forms of work avoid overloading children, help teachers use various methods and forms of work in environmental education of children.
