No wonder they say that the Russian language is considered the second most difficult. In the first place is Chinese, but in its hieroglyphs you are unlikely to find the theme “Spelling of participle suffixes”. But God bless her, with a Chinese letter, because we are talking about the norms of the Russian language. If you can somehow remember that the suffix -enn- is used for participles in full form, answering the question "Which one?", then you will have to suffer with one or two n in short form.
To make it easier for you to remember a few rules of the Russian language, you will have to present the short form of the adjective in the form of a sandal with a “heel”, and the short form of the participle - a special form of the verb - without it. "Heel" and will be double n.
The spelling of participle suffixes in short form is easier to remember if you ask the question: "What?" Sometimes the word “what” has an ending (-a, -o, -s), which characterizes the gender of a special form of the verb (feminineand middle) and plural, for example: a horse (what?) is cleaned by a groom, a place (what?) is cleaned by a student, scales (what?) are left by the seller. The same endings are present in participles: cleaned-a, removed-o, left-s.
The short form of adjectives always leaves as many n as it was in the full form, and the question cannot be asked to the first: “What?” For example, a sister is neat and well-mannered. From the word sister, put the above question to the adjectives "neat" and "well-mannered." Isn't it true, the ear hurts? Now try this: “What sister?” See the difference? The short adjective “neat” was formed from the full form neat, where one n is written, and the second word is from educated, where a “heel” was sewn on your sandal in the form of nn.
The spelling of participle suffixes has a number of features: if the special form of the verb has the prefix non-, then it can be ignored, since it does not make the special form of the verb in the full form “glue the heel”, for example: unforged chest, fresh-frozen fish. The exception is the word soap-making, since it was formed in a complex suffix way (soap + cook + enne).
Primary school teachers often make mistakes, forcing their wards to remember two exception words - forged, chewed. They allegedly look like shoes without the ill-fated heel, if used without a prefix. The terrible thing is that students remember this illiteracy for life and suffer for a long time, trying to remember the spelling of participle suffixes.
To fixposition, it is worth winding it on a mustache: the words forged and chewed are really written like this if they are followed by a noun in the nominative case: forged bracelet, chewed burdock. As soon as the nominative case changes to indirect (from the genitive to the prepositional), the “heel” is immediately sewn on: a bracelet forged (by whom?) by the brother, chewed (by whom?) by the donkey burdock.
Suffixes of participles, the table of which is in many textbooks, draw attention to the fact that with two n such words as unseen, unexpected, unexpected, minted, unexpected, conceited, unread are written. It is better to memorize them so that you do not make mistakes in essays, presentations and dictations.
The spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of present participles is not an easy rule, but you can find a special approach to them if you turn it into a game, having determined in advance which conjugation the verb belongs to in the infinitive form and whether this two-part form, for example: marry, telephone, telegraph.
