History 2025, February

The name of Count Benckendorff is well known to us from high school textbooks on history and literature. He was the chief of the gendarmes, on the orders of Emperor Nicholas I, supervised Pushkin, and also conducted an investigation into the case of the Decembrists. The image of this insidious and cruel official of the Russian Empire was forever imprinted in the minds of the older generation. What kind of person was he really?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

It's no secret that before modern civilization there were several other highly developed people who had extensive knowledge in various fields of science, including medicine, who created incredible machines and amazing objects, the purpose of which no one can still determine. Who these people were is unknown. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Sophia Tolstaya, Leo Tolstoy's wife, was a remarkable woman. Her biography is closely connected with the life and work of her great husband. This woman sacrificed secular society and familiar city life in order to be with him. After the death of the writer, it was Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya who was engaged in the publication of his legacy. The biography of this woman will be discussed in detail in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

After the demise of the USSR, the motto of the Order of the Red Star has lost its relevance, the proletarians no longer unite. His place was taken by other awards, but the glory of the heroes who shed blood for their homeland will never be forgotten. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the reign of the English King Charles I, which resulted in a civil war and the death of the monarch himself. A brief overview of his biography and the main historical events of that period is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Kronstadt (from the German Krone - "crown", Stadt - "city"), located on the island of Kotlin, was created as a defensive fortress of St. Petersburg under construction. The coat of arms depicts a cauldron, which, according to legend, gave the name to the island. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

You can find many references to the use of alcoholic beverages by soldiers to achieve this or that effect in battle. But where did this habit come from in the Russian army, who approved it, and how did alcohol affect the combat effectiveness of the soldiers? And what is "People's Commissar's 100 grams"? It is worth understanding, because the fact that vodka was in the Red Army from the very beginning is a fact beyond doubt. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The B altic operation is a military campaign that took place in the autumn of 1944 on the territory of the B altic states. As a result of the operation, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were liberated from the fascist invaders. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thanks to the expeditions, Russian science mapped the world more and more accurately, the borders of the unknown opened up more and more. The great Russian travelers allowed their contemporaries and descendants to quickly find the right location, they opened new land and sea trade routes for their country. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Brueghel Peter the Younger (1564/65 - 1636), a painter from Flemish, had the nickname Infernal. He is known for numerous copies of the works of his father, Pieter Brueghel the Elder. This contributed to the international recognition of his father's paintings. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The thirties of the XX century turned out to be extremely difficult for the whole world. This applies both to the internal situation in many states of the world and to the international situation. After all, global contradictions were developing more and more on the world stage during this period. One of them was the Soviet-Japanese conflict at the end of the decade. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the air force of China - a country that has made a huge step in economic and military development over the past decades. A brief history of the Celestial Air Force and its participation in major world events is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This article is dedicated to Zelimkhan Abdulmuslimovich Yandarbiev, a Chechen politician who was accused of terrorism. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Elizaveta Fyodorovna Romanova was born on November 1, 1864 in Darmstadt. She was an Honorary Member and Chairman of the Palestinian Orthodox Society in 1905-1917, the founder of the Moscow Martha and Mary Convent. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Not too much is known about the Hannibals, A. Pushkin's ancestors. But everything that the stories and documents testify to has a smack of scandalousness. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Naryshkins are an old noble family, which in pre-Petrine times was considered small-scale. Representatives of his high positions did not hold. What changed after Peter's accession? From the school history course, many people know that one of the representatives of this noble family was the mother of the great Russian reformer. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In what year was Paul 1 killed? On the night of March 11-12, 1801, as a result of a conspiracy, the All-Russian Emperor, the son of Catherine II and Peter III, the “Russian Hamlet”, who carried out many reforms during his short reign, was killed. But the tsar was despised by all of Petersburg, and the conspirators deliberately made him out to be insane. Who killed Paul 1? When and where did it happen? Why was Emperor Paul 1 killed? What did the conspirators originally plan?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thanks to intelligence, texts fell into the hands of the Soviet command, in which the operation "Citadel" was fully revealed. During the meeting, it was decided to hold the defense, and after the enemy was exhausted and bled, to launch and develop their own counteroffensive. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

If Renat Voligamsi had not removed the veil from this great secret, no one would still know that the leader of the proletarian revolution had a twin brother. Every Soviet preschooler saw Vladimir Lenin every day since childhood, his portraits overshadowed kindergartens, offices of leaders and ordinary officials. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Ever since Peter the Great turned our country into a great maritime power, military sailors, midshipmen, admirals and captains of all ranks have played a huge role in its history. In order to appreciate their merits during the Second World War, special awards were established: the Nakhimov medal and the Ushakov medal. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

British Hong Kong is a state entity claimed by China and the UK. A complex system of international treaties has made this peninsula practically independent of both countries, and liberal tax laws have allowed this state to become one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Legends and myths of ancient Greece have become the cultural heritage of all mankind. Painting, sculpture, music, not to mention theatrical performances - all genres of art are still inspired by their themes. The names of many characters have become household names. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

How did man appear? There is still no generally accepted opinion on this matter. The history of ancient man begins about two million years ago. The earliest remains were discovered by scientists in Africa. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The act of unconditional surrender of Japan was signed on September 2, 1945, but the country's leadership took a very long time to reach this decision. In the Potsdam Declaration, terms of surrender were put forward, but the emperor formally refused the proposed ultimatum. True, Japan still had to accept all the conditions of surrender, putting a bullet in the course of hostilities. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

CIS emerged from the ruins of the powerful geopolitical giant of the USSR. Which in some way predetermined its development, however, brought to life the violent contradictions of the members of this organization. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The island of Iceland is a unique geographical area well known for its geysers. Every year, the Icelandic valley of geysers Haukadalur welcomes more than a million visitors who come from all over the world to see the world-famous Geysir and Strokkur geysers, enjoy the fantastic spectacle of this natural phenomenon. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Fighters of World War 2 played a big role during hostilities, often helping to win this or that battle. As a result, each of the warring parties sought to regularly improve their own combat capability, increasing the production of new modern aircraft, constantly updating and improving them. Engineers and scientists, many laboratories and research institutes, test centers and design bureaus worked on this task. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Military insignia are present on the uniform of military personnel and indicate the corresponding personal rank, a certain affiliation to one of the branches of the armed forces (in this case, the Wehrmacht), branch of service, department or service.. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The battleship "Azov" became the first Russian ship to be awarded the stern St. George's flag. The ship lasted only five years, but during this time it received an excellent crew on board. In her most important battle, the ship fought five enemy ships and won a resounding victory. But what caused the sinking of the ship? This can be found in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The use of set expressions in Russian is a rather complex and controversial topic. It is not always immediately clear what this or that person wanted to say by using a certain phrase. "Cornerstone" is a phraseological unit, the meaning of which is not so obvious. In what situations can this expression be used, and is it worth it at all? Where did this phrase come from? Let's try to figure it out. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Mikhail Stadukhin devoted his life to dangerous journeys through the unexplored lands of Siberia and the Far East. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Few people know the name of the strait that Dezhnev discovered. Little is known about this man's life. For a long time nothing was known about the outstanding geographical discovery of the Russian navigator. It should be noted that there is still not enough information about the history of the journey that Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev made. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Forest of Arden is a large massif on the mountain range of the same name, located in the territories of modern France, Belgium and Luxembourg. There are two versions of the origin of the name: there is a point of view that the toponym of the Ardennes (Ardennes) goes back to the Celtic word "black", according to another version, the name of the forest comes from the adjective "high" of the same language. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Everyone knows the expression "God's God's, Caesar's Caesar's." It is usually used when they want to emphasize that each thing should have its place and you should not claim what does not belong to you. Caesar is a historical concept, the meaning of which you will find below. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

One of the most famous rulers of Russia is Ivan the Terrible. The figure of this king is covered with a halo of mystery, and his cruelty has become legendary. From a historical point of view, the wives of Ivan the Terrible and the relationship of the tsar with them are interesting. He had eight. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Ivan IV the Terrible is the strangest person in the history of Russia. It combined two opposite personalities - a bloodthirsty tyrant and a merciful sovereign repenting of sins. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

General Dukhonin is one of the most tragic figures of the Russian unrest of the 20th century. He, being the Supreme Commander of the Russian army, resisted the Bolsheviks to the last, for which he was severely punished. Today we will find out what was the story of General Dukhonin. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the modern Russian Federation, there are a lot of highly educated people who do not need to be explained that the Tsarevich is, first of all, a man who, after the death of his father-emperor, will inherit the throne. We are writing an article for schoolchildren. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Humanity has long been passionate about collecting. Moreover, it is not known exactly when the desire to possess certain beautiful things arose in a person’s head. But over time, interest in rare gizmos has grown into a real industry that brings in a multimillion-dollar annual income. Anything can become a subject of interest for collectors: works of art, stamps, old postcards or figurines, for example. But most often people have a passion for collecting coins. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about two episodes in Russian history, when the rash actions of the authorities caused popular riots that arose against the backdrop of plague epidemics. A brief overview of them is given, and the consequences that they entailed. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01