History

The Republic of Macedonia, whose history dates back to ancient times, is a small European state in the Balkans with the capital Skopje, which has no seaports and access to the sea. In the UN, the state is included in the status of the Former Yugoslav Macedonia, the official language is Macedonian. The territory of the republic is 25,333 sq. km, which corresponds to the 145th place in the world. The state also occupies 145th place in terms of the number of inhabitants. A brief history of Macedonia will be presented to the reader in the article. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Gustav Adolf was the Swedish king. Born December 9, 1594 in the Swedish town of Nikeping. His parents were Charles IX and Christina Holstein. What is interesting about the personality of King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden to contemporaries? What fruits did his rule bring to the country? What methods did he use? Read about all this and more in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

An important event in history was the siege of the Trinity-Sergeev Monastery by the troops of False Dmitry 2. What were its reasons, and what did the events of those times lead to? You will learn about all this in the process of reading the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells how Europeans discovered tobacco, how they got addicted to it and why. And also about who brought it to Russia first, about temporary bans and attempts to combat smoking by some tsars, and about propaganda and even planting of tobacco use by other autocrats. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

"I invited myself!" - with such headlines, the American media dubbed the first visit of N. S. Khrushchev to the United States. The date in world diplomacy is outstanding, since no one could even imagine then that something like this could happen. The USA and the USSR were number one enemies at that time, ready to destroy each other with nuclear strikes at any moment. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Once the famous British engineer John Frost, the creator of the first secret prototype of the US Air Force flying saucer, was asked if he believed in the existence of such devices. Smiling at the pretty TV presenter, he gave an affirmative answer and explained: "But not in the sense that those who consider them aliens from Mars." John Frost did not believe in the alien origin of unidentified flying objects, which people called saucers. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Middle Ages is a fairly long period. Within its framework, the emergence and subsequent formation of European civilization took place, its transformation - the transition to the New Age. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of books is very fascinating. It all started in Mesopotamia about five thousand years ago. The first books had little in common with modern models. These were clay tablets, on which the signs of Babylonian cuneiform were applied with a pointed stick. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Many religions have sacred books: the Jews have the Torah, the Christians have the Bible. Muslims revere the Koran, Buddhists - Tripitaka, Hindus generally have a whole library of sacred literature. For the Zoroastrians, this is the Avesta. Zoroastrianism is the oldest of the monotheistic prophetic religions and still exists today. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

For centuries, the extraordinary abilities of Count Cagliostro excite the imagination of people. Myths and reality about him are so closely intertwined that it is very difficult to distinguish them. Among the great charlatans of his time, he stood out for his special audacity and imagination. His fame boomed throughout Europe. The scammer knew how to impress, and then carefully cover his tracks. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Question: "Where is Hitler buried?" - does not give rest to more than one generation of historians. Too many contradictions and mysteries confront those who want to study it. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The incredible diligence, steadfastness and exactingness that Erich Ludendorff is known for made him a legendary man with tremendous power over the fate of all of Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thirty-eight of the fifty-ten sovereign states that existed at that time were involved in the First World War to one degree or another. It was simply not possible to control such a large-scale theater of operations, so the path to signing a peace agreement was quite long and difficult. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Foch Ferdinand is one of the most famous French generals. He took part in two wars. Empires collapsed around Ferdinand, revolutions took place, millions died. The article describes in detail the life path of the famous commander, interesting facts, memories, decisive battles. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Paris Conference (1919-1920) was attended by 27 countries. Five of them were recognized by the Great Powers - the United States. UK, France, Japan, Italy. Woodrow Wilson's 14 points formed the basis of the Versailles Peace Treaty, worked out at this conference. The discussion of this document and its role in world history continues now. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

With horror, humanity realizes how much evil it does on the planet that gave it shelter, and the biggest of them is nuclear disasters. It’s as if we don’t even think about the harm caused by huge industrial corporations with a high level of danger in their activities, because they strive only for profit, and material well-being is a priority for humanity today. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On April 26, 2016, the whole world lit candles and remembered the terrible catastrophe that divided history into before and after: 30 years of the Chernobyl tragedy. April 26 is the day when people on planet Earth learned how a "peaceful" atom can behave. Almost all European countries felt the consequences of the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Class approach - a method from the point of view of which social phenomena are analyzed and evaluated by assigning each person to a certain category, based on his property status. Classes were formed at a certain historical stage, provoking social inequality. About the author of the theory, about its essence and opponents this article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Officially, the collapse of the USSR, the date of which fell on December 8, 1991, was formalized on the territory of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Then the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian leaders put their signatures under the Agreement, according to which the Commonwe alth of Independent States was created. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about an important period in the history of the Old Russian state - the annexation of the Vyatka lands to it, carried out in 1489 by the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III. A brief overview of the main events of that period is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Shang Dynasty is the first protostate in ancient China. In the article we will consider information about its founders, the way of life of the population, beliefs and traditions. The development of crafts, the emergence of Chinese hieroglyphic writing. Unique archaeological finds. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Just like in other parts of the world, the literature of ancient China was a practical activity, not an aesthetic phenomenon. Initially, these were fortune-telling tablets, later bamboo strips and silk began to be used for writing. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Here are all the US presidents who, for one reason or another, were ranked among the worst rulers in the entire history of the United States. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

“American Pie” is a name many have heard. Someone calls this film vulgar, someone likes it. Opinions are different, but our today's review is about Oz, or rather, the man who incomparably played the role of Ostryker in the first two and last films. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Even non-military helmets often feature a swastika to show support for the Nazi Party. The German helmets of World War II are very similar, and it is important to consider this when trying to determine the type of model. Small changes may be the only difference between one type of helmet and another. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In one city of Russia, a monument to the victims of political repressions was opened - St. Petersburg was the first city to immortalize these terrible events in the life of our country. It was installed in October 2016, it is also planned to erect a memorial in Moscow. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the history of Russia, a long and difficult period is known, when the country was divided into many small, practically independent specific principalities. It was a time of constant internecine wars and the ongoing struggle for power between the Rurikovichs. In history, this period was called "feudal fragmentation." But what was it? And what were the specific principalities? This question often confuses not only schoolchildren, but also adults. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Russian heroes are not just a story. They reflect the essence of the Russian person, his attitude to the Motherland. Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Gorynya, Dobrynya Nikitich and many others devoted their lives to serving Russia. They fought countless enemies of our people, guarding and protecting ordinary people. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Space has always been the space that beckons with its closeness and inaccessibility. Humans are explorers by nature, and curiosity is the progress of civilization both in terms of technology and expansion of self-awareness. The first landing of a man on the moon strengthened the belief that we are capable of interplanetary flights. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The St. Andrew's flag is considered the main ship's stern ensign of the Russian fleet. The flag is the intersection of two blue stripes on a white background. The intersection of these two stripes is called the St. Andrew's Cross, hence the name of the flag. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Almost 25 years have passed since the state of emergency was announced in the media. It was the morning of August 19, a turning point for the USSR in 1991. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The need for reconnaissance behind enemy lines in the mid-fifties, during the beginning of the confrontation between the US and the USSR for dominance in the world, determined the importance of creating unmanned aircraft. Now independently piloted equipment is in service with many countries of the world and its number is growing. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Some still decide to have large predators like a lion or a panther at home, but, unfortunately, this does not always end well for them. A striking example of this is the Berberovs. The tragedy happened to the son of this family precisely because of their unreasonable desire for home exotic. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This article will focus on the history of the formation of Russian regions. We will also describe in general terms what a region is. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Pestilence is an outdated designation for an epidemic in Russia, which leads to a large number of victims. As a rule, it is cholera or plague. In our country, this term was mainly applied to the plague epidemic that raged in 1654-1655. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article will talk about an amazing woman - Jackie Onassis, whom fate prepared to become the wife, and later the widow of two famous people, one of whom was the American president, and the second - the owner of a whole fleet of merchant ships. The story is based on her biographical information. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The first Russian tsar, Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible, was one of the most educated people, he had a phenomenal memory, he was an erudite in theology. He was the author of many letters. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Ivan the Terrible, on the one hand, a wise reformer, an outstanding and talented figure in the Muscovite state, on the other hand, a bloody tyrant, a real murderer who subjected his subjects to monstrous repressions. How did the formation of the personality of one of the most extraordinary rulers, which had a noticeable impact on the course of Russian history, take place?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The first Russian dynasty - the Rurik dynasty, established itself on the Russian throne in 862. This is the year of the calling of the Varangians, according to the Tale of Bygone Years. Who was the first and who was the last in this dynasty? Who carried out the most ambitious reforms?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Despite all the failures, the Livonian War for a long time predetermined the main course of the foreign policy of the Russian state - the struggle for the B altic Sea became a priority from that moment. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01