The future Empress Maria Alexandrovna was born in 1824 in Darmstadt, the capital of Hesse. The baby was named Maximilian Wilhemina Augusta Sophia Maria
History 2024, November
The article gives a brief digression into the biography of the Soviet state and party leader Mikhail Porfiryevich Georgadze. Specific historical dates and facts are given, as well as excerpts from the chronicles of past years
What we call paper, without which modern office life is simply unthinkable, was not always an A4 sheet. So, the question of where paper was invented cannot be answered unambiguously. Four millennia ago, the ancient Egyptians used papyrus to write
The thirst for progress, victories and conquests, the desire of those in power to assert their dominance - all this is present in the cultures of all peoples. But the Cretan-Mycenaean civilization stands apart. We will not see in it either awe of fate, or the glorification of the exploits of the conquerors, or the deification of despotic power
The end of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries became the time of the discoverers of new lands for Europeans. The most inquisitive and restless people grouped in three countries: Portugal, Spain and Russia
The Civil Code, adopted in France in 1804 and called the Napoleonic Code, is one of the most important legal acts in the history of mankind. This is due not only to the name of the legendary emperor, who himself took an active part in the creation of this document, but also to the enormous influence that he had on all European civil law
Jean Baptiste Colbert was an ardent supporter of mercantilism and a major political figure in France of the seventeenth century. His policies were even named Colbertism after him. The Minister of Finance under the monarch Louis XIV strengthened the central government with might and main
Church reform of Peter 1 made the Russian Orthodox Church dependent on the royal power. Priests have become state officials
The military reforms of Peter the Great were both very timely and productive. Thanks to them, Russia was able to successfully complete the Northern War and win access to the sea
The foundation of St. Petersburg, the city on the Neva, was of great strategic importance for all of Russia. After all, it was not in vain that for almost two centuries it was the capital of the Russian Empire, and even today the city is called the northern capital of Russia
The founding of Moscow is a rather controversial, inaccurate and legendary issue. However, this is the capital of the Great and Mighty Russia, and it deserves attention
Adolf Hitler was extremely concerned about the safety of his life. After his death, facts were revealed about secret shelters, striking with developed infrastructure. Hitler's bunker is still of interest as the place where he lived and found death
Historians still cannot come to a common opinion regarding the personality of Peter the Great. But in one thing their judgments coincide: the changes brought about by the tsar are significant
Fabricius Jan Fritsevich is one of the most famous Red Army officers of the early 20th century. Many Russian streets are named after him, and stamps with his image adorned Soviet envelopes for a long time. Such fame was quite justified, given the number of awards that he managed to receive during his service in the Red Army
Ordinary citizens have always been curious about how the powers that be live. And if the well-being of a billionaire who has created his own empire only arouses admiration and motivates for self-realization, then the luxury that the first persons of the state, who are, in fact, ordinary high-ranking officials, are accustomed to, sometimes raises many questions. In particular, many Russians are interested in Putin's residences
Qin Shi Huang, who was the ruler of the Qin kingdom, was the first in the world to form a centralized power structure. To strengthen the integrity of the state, he undertook various major transformations
The Middle Ages is a special era that has historically unique characteristics - heretics and the Inquisition, indulgence and alchemy, the Crusades and feudalism. Who is a feudal lord? This definition and the concept of feudalism are discussed in more detail below
MKAD is one of the largest and most famous highways in the world. It has a long history of renovations and improvements to this project. The Moscow Ring Road is located on the territory of Moscow and its environs. Even at the present time, its interchanges are being improved for the convenience of motorists, which will minimize traffic jams and increase throughput. What is the length of the Moscow Ring Road?
In a relatively short period of time, Peter I managed to bring the Russian state out of the shadows - thanks to his reforms, Russia became one of the leading powers in the arena of world life. This happened after the introduction of changes that concerned almost all aspects of life (economic reforms were especially influential)
Gavriil Ivanovich Golovkin is a well-known associate of the first Russian emperor Peter I. He had the title of count, since 1709 he served as chancellor of the Russian Empire (under him the position was established), from 1731 to 1734 he was the first cabinet minister. He remained in history as a skillful and dexterous courtier, who became the founder of the Golovkin family. In 1720, when the colleges were established, he became president of the College of Foreign Affairs
How did the Russian public administration system develop? What was replaced by ministries and departments? When a centralized state is formed, its development and functioning require government bodies responsible for managing various areas. It was such a system that was formed in Russia in the 16th century, called "order"
The entire period of Stalin's rule was filled with repressions and unfounded accusations. The people lived in fear of arrest. The Leningrad case was no exception
Slavic mythology is a unique set of knowledge, traditions and legends relating to all major issues of the world order
Izyaslav Mstislavich is one of the brightest figures in Russian history of the 12th century. This prince changed many destinies, and his whole life was spent in continuous wars for primacy among the Rurikovichs
Roman Malinovsky is a revolutionary whose name is closely associated with the activities of the Bolshevik Party in 1905-1914. The career growth of this functionary was rapid and not always explainable. Later it turned out that he was given all kinds of support from the tsarist security department, in the service of which he was tacitly employed. The exposed traitor was convicted by the Supreme Tribunal under the Central Committee of the RSDLP and shot in 1918
The designation "tank corps", or TK, first appeared since 1942, during the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Before this terrible event, it was just a brigade that did not exist as a separate unit. The tank corps is essentially the same mechanized corps, but still it was defined as a new type. These units rarely went into battle first
War accompanies humanity throughout history, in many ways forcing intensive development. Of course, there were almost always talented commanders who skillfully used cunning to win, spending a minimum of strength and without losing people
Do not erase from people's memory the truth about the disasters that fascism brought to mankind, about the feat of the heroes who saved the world from the "brown plague". For example, the defense of Odessa (1941) will never be forgotten. She entered the textbooks of military history as one of the most successful examples of operations of this kind
The Molotov cocktail was a source of danger for whoever tried to use it. In other words, you had to try not to set yourself on fire. It was also a difficult task to deliver it to the target, namely to the engine compartment of the tank
For Hitler, the capture of Moscow was of great importance, which was equated to a complete victory over the Soviet Union. And as a result, this was the beginning of the collapse of the Wehrmacht. All those who defended the capital of our Motherland, both military and civilian, showed selflessness, heroism and courageous fortitude. Medals "For the Defense of Moscow" were received by those whose valor and courage became an obstacle to the Nazis on the way to conquering the world
The history of such a totalitarian superpower as the Soviet Union contains many heroic and gloomy pages. This could not but leave an imprint on the biographies of those who performed it. Kliment Voroshilov is among such personalities. He lived a long life, which was not devoid of heroism, but at the same time he had a lot of human lives on his conscience, since it was his signature that stands under many execution lists
The article tells about the armed conflict between Kosovo separatists and Yugoslav troops, which began in 1998 and lasted ten years. A brief overview of its causes and consequences is given
There are plenty of versions about the nature of the Tunguska meteorite - from a banal fragment of an asteroid to an alien spaceship or the great Tesla's experiment that got out of control. Numerous expeditions and thorough surveys of the epicenter of the explosion still do not allow scientists to unequivocally answer the question of what happened in the summer of 1908
As you know, the First World War was one of the largest and bloodiest wars in history. The weapons of the First World War were very diverse. Almost all existing types of weapons were used in combat operations, including new ones
During his many years of professional activity, Michael Imperioli has established himself as a successful actor, screenwriter and director. He starred in ninety-four films. Mostly these were films in drama, crime and comedy genres
The Marne River witnessed two decisive battles of the First World War. The Battle of the Marne, which took place in 1914, became one of the bloodiest battles in the history of wars. There are countless lives left in the valleys of this river. Here the fate of mankind was decided. The Battle of the Marne 1914 is briefly described in every history textbook
In 1920, on June 4, the Treaty of Trianon was signed between Hungary and the states that won the First World War. The agreement came into effect on July 26, 1921. Let us consider in more detail the terms of the Trianon Treaty with Hungary
Our planet has known many bloody battles and battles. Our whole history consisted of various internecine conflicts. But only the human and material losses in World War II made mankind think about the importance of everyone's life. Only after it did people begin to understand how easy it is to unleash a massacre and how difficult it is to stop it. This war showed all the peoples of the Earth how important peace is for all
The article tells about one very unusual type of medieval edged weapons, the prototype of which is an agricultural scythe. A brief overview of the main events of history is given, in which this battle scythe, converted and becoming a formidable weapon, played a significant role
The article is devoted to a brief description of the mixed economy in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper indicates the features of this economic system