Bacteria are the causative agents of what diseases? The most common diseases of humans, plants and animals caused by bacteria. A brief history of the discovery of bacteria, the science of them. Who are prokaryotes and how are they arranged?
Science 2024, November
Coliform bacteria are always present in the digestive tract of animals and humans, as well as in their waste products. They can also be found on plants, soil and water, where contamination is a major problem due to the possibility of infection by diseases caused by various pathogens
This article, like a 5th grade biology report on bacteriophage viruses, will help the reader learn basic information about these extracellular life forms. Here we will consider their taxonomic location, features of the structure and life, manifestation of themselves when interacting with bacteria, etc
Shell amoeba, the structure of which we will consider in our article, have a number of features that significantly distinguish them from other representatives of unicellular animals. What is special about these amazing organisms?
Thermoelectric phenomena are a separate topic in physics, in which they consider how temperature can generate electricity, and the latter lead to a change in temperature. One of the first discovered thermoelectric phenomena was the Seebeck effect. Let's consider it in more detail in the article
How to determine sulfate ions in water? Are there any specific standards for their content in drinking water? Why is the high content of sulfate ions dangerous? Together we will look for answers to the questions posed in the work
Public he alth is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and improving human he alth through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private individuals. Analysis of the he alth status of the population is the basis of public he alth
Technical aesthetics as the poetry of architecture How often have you come across this kind of definition? It is well known to specialists in the field of design, architecture, and puts in some confusion those who encounter this concept for the first time. In other words, technical aesthetics is a theory of design, a way of knowing the world according to the laws of the true and beautiful with the help of industrial means. This is also design, the appearance of beautiful things and objects, their cult
Mars is the fourth planet in our solar system and the second smallest after Mercury. Named after the ancient Roman god of war. Its nickname "Red Planet" comes from the reddish hue of the surface, which is due to the predominance of iron oxide
The ranking of countries by population opens China, the top ten closes Mexico, and the entire list - the Vatican. But behind the bare numbers are interesting facts that show that demography is not just an economic, but an acutely social, cultural and historical discipline
The most promising approach to solving the world food problem is, apparently, the further improvement of existing crops grown on already developed lands. Hybrids are something that can play a key role in food security. After all, most of the areas suitable for agriculture are already occupied
The biogeochemical circulation of substances in the biosphere is the most important natural process of the continuous exchange of various elements between the inanimate environment and organisms (animals, plants, etc.) Everything is based on their fundamental characteristics
The constellation Eagle is another area of the sky that hosts several interesting objects. A strikingly beautiful nebula, a mysterious black hole, several Cepheids - this is an incomplete list of noteworthy cosmic bodies located here
The Red Planet has always attracted people with its unusual hue. The ancients personified it with deities, science fiction writers invented completely different stories about the Martians. Studies in recent decades have shown that there is no complex life on Mars, but we still have reason to expect microorganisms or the remains of a past flowering of life there
The Red Planet is perhaps the most attractive planet in the solar system for humans. For centuries, science fiction writers and scientists have debated whether there was life on Mars. And the most amazing thing is that, despite several successful expeditions to the planet, the point in this matter has not yet been put
Among all the laws in probability theory, the normal distribution law is the most common. To describe the normal distribution of any value, you need to know its mean value and standard deviation
Speed during landing and takeoff of an aircraft are parameters calculated individually for each airliner. There is no standard value that all pilots must adhere to, because aircraft have different weights, dimensions, and aerodynamic characteristics. However, the value of speed when landing an aircraft is important, and non-compliance with the speed limit can turn into a tragedy for the crew and passengers
From our article you will learn what allotropy is. This concept is widespread in nature. For example, oxygen and ozone are substances that consist only of the chemical element oxygen. How is this possible? Let's figure it out together
Interesting facts about mammals that the inhabitants of the entire planet did not even suspect. Protection and respect for animals is the key to the prosperity of countries
The density of gold is one of the unique physical characteristics of this metal. Since it is soft, other metals are added to it for practical use to improve the processing properties
What is the external and internal structure of birds? How are they different from other classes of animals? What signs are characteristic only of birds? You will find answers to these questions in this article
Today, attempts to rewrite textbooks and interpret proven facts in their own way continue to achieve various goals, including redrawing borders, and in pursuit of cheap sensations and dubious scientific fame. One of the scientists who actively promotes the need to revise the entire world history is Academician Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko. This article is devoted to his scientific activity and the theory of "New Chronology"
A lot of names of poisons are known at the moment. They were first used in ancient times. At the same time, the compilation of their classification began. An article will tell about poisons, their varieties and effects
Humanity has been looking for and continues to look for an answer to the question of its origin and the world around it
There are extremely spectacular and interesting phenomena of deep space, which can only be detected by powerful astronomical instruments. Among such treasures of the Universe are the events of gravitational lensing, and among them are the so-called Einstein's crosses. What is it, we will find out in this article
In this article you will get the most detailed information about Saturn. The mass of the gas giant, its size, description and comparative characteristics with the Earth - you can learn all this from this article. Perhaps you will hear some facts for the first time, but something will seem simply incredible to you
The study of physics begins with the consideration of mechanical motion. In the general case, bodies move along curved trajectories with variable velocities. To describe them, the concept of acceleration is used. In this article, we will consider what is tangential and normal acceleration
Paul Samuelson, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1970, is not in vain considered the economist of all time. A significant part of his achievements are evidence of fundamental theories and principles from almost all sections of the economy: the theory of production, international trade, financial analysis, the theory of capital and economic growth, the history of economic thought, macroeconomics
In any text we've ever read, all the words are connected. If it were a set of characters, then we would not be able to make out anything. However, not everyone is able to quickly recognize which means of connecting sentences in the text the author has chosen. Let's find out the distinguishing features of each of them
In rectilinear horizontal flight, the angle of attack of the aircraft increases with increasing speed, adding to the aircraft the lift created by the wing. However, the inductive reactance also increases. The angle of attack of an aircraft is denoted by the Greek letter "alpha" and means the angle that is located between the chord of the wing and the direction of the air flow velocity. It can be positive or spatial
Sodium oleate is of practical importance. That is why we will consider in this material its physical and chemical properties, as well as the main areas of application
The value of metals is directly determined by their chemical and physical properties. In the case of such an indicator as electrical conductivity, this relationship is not so straightforward. The most electrically conductive metal, if measured at room temperature (+20 ° C), is silver
It's hard to decide what to do in morally ambiguous situations. Especially for these cases, some universities have the subject “deontology” in the program. This is a science that studies the area of duty and moral correctness of behavior in various situations. Many solutions have already been invented long before us, but it must be remembered that the responsibility still lies with us, and not with abstract rules
People get to know this word quite early. For example, like this: “Look how that boy at the next table deftly eats his porridge, and it grows in your plate.” Then such phrases haunt a person all his life, and they are spoken not only by parents, but in general by all those who have power. We consider the noun "opposition", and it will be at least entertaining
The density of potatoes depends on many indicators: potato varieties, germination conditions, soil characteristics. Density affects the taste of potatoes, so this parameter is an important value
Aircraft designer Petlyakov - an outstanding Soviet design engineer who built many aircraft. We will talk about his difficult fate, achievements and awards in the article
Magnetic fluid is a unique man-made miracle, the brainchild of technological progress and scientific thought of the twentieth century. Unlike the vast majority of inventions of human genius, such liquid substances, with pronounced magnetic properties, have no analogues in nature. With the rapid development of technology, characteristic of our time, there are more and more areas of application for substances with such unusual properties
The Earth's Radiation Belt (ERB), or the Van Allen belt, is the region of the nearest outer space near our planet, which looks like a ring, in which there are giant flows of electrons and protons. The earth holds them with a dipole magnetic field
Microbiology plays a huge role in the development of mankind. The formation of science began in the 5th-6th century BC. e. Even then it was assumed that many diseases are caused by invisible living beings. A brief history of the development of microbiology, which is described in our article, will allow us to find out how science was formed
The most mysterious of all vitamins is vitamin E. First of all, its uniqueness lies in the fact that it does not have the same molecules. It also has a wide variety of shapes. Scientists have identified eight varieties so far, calling them tocopherols. In the article, we will consider what a mixture of tocopherols is and how the vitamin affects the human body