Science

Who are they - the first people in space? The second half of the 20th century is significant for many events. One of the most grandiose was the discovery of outer space by man. The Soviet Union played a leading role in this qualitative leap, which mankind made when it began to explore outer space. Despite the fierce rivalry between the major powers of the world, the USSR and the USA, the first people in space were from the Soviet Union, which caused bouts of impotent anger in the rival country. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The debate about whether Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a great scientist of his time, or whether it gave him real pleasure to see the torment of his “wards” still does not subside. Let's try to put aside emotions and look at everything impartially. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Socialism, liberalism, conservatism are the main public teachings that are most popular in the world today. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Your punctuation marks are used inside the sentence. These are comma, semicolon, colon and dash, brackets. In addition, there are also quotes that can open and close an independent statement, and also located inside an already created. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is the correct way to get reduced amines? Here is a more versatile method for making amines that does not result in excessive alkylation. This method is quite simple and transparent even for beginners in chemistry. Just a few simple reactions. However, you will need some reagents that are hard to find commercially. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Genetic divergence is a biological process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species independently accumulate genetic changes (mutations) to produce survivable offspring. In some cases, subpopulations living in ecologically distinct peripheral environments may exhibit genetic differences from the rest of the population, especially where there is a high diversity of species. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Ethnic identity is the foundation of any he althy society. Despite the social foundations of race and ethnicity, sociologists recognize that they are extremely important. Race and nationality form the social stratification that underlies individual and group identities, determine patterns of social conflict and the life priorities of entire nations. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Among the many scientific disciplines, physics is one of the most interesting. Thanks to it, many processes are comprehended, technologies are improved and discoveries are made. In the article we will consider what is the science of physics and its applied part. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is the solar system? This is our common home. What does it consist of? How and when was it formed? It is important for everyone to know more about the corner of the Galaxy in which we live. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

"I'll show you Kuzka's mother!" Familiar expression? Did you know that this was the name of the most powerful bomb in the world?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Archaeology is a discipline of history that studies the historical past of man on the basis of material evidence found. These include works of art, tools of production and material goods of mankind. Unlike written sources, such sources do not directly tell about the events that took place. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Small plants (especially aquatic ones) need a thin cellulose membrane surrounding the cells to maintain the strength and shape of the body. Large land plants require a more advanced support system, represented by two types of mechanical structures: collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Otherwise, these fabrics are called supporting or reinforcing. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Gas is one of the four aggregate states of matter around us. Humanity began to study this state of matter using a scientific approach, starting from the 17th century. In the article below, we will study what an ideal gas is, and which equation describes its behavior under various external conditions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

If you don't remember what substances are called pure from the natural history course, our article is for you. We will recall the definition of this concept, as well as examples that we encounter in everyday life. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Little-known facts from different fields of science open up new knowledge for a person and expand his horizons. Interesting historical facts that few people know about. Scientific research about the features of human psychology. Little-known facts from the world of medicine. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Opium or opium is a drug that is obtained from milky juice. And he, in turn, is extracted from the boxes of sleeping pills (Papaver somniferum), not quite mature. Opium is a substance containing many alkaloids. Among them, only a part of them has a narcotic effect on the human body and animals - the phenanthrene group. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This article explains what Planck's hypothesis is, who created it, and how important it has become for the development of modern science. The significance of the idea of quantization for the entire microworld is also shown. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Today we will talk about the essence of such a concept as "ultraviolet catastrophe": why this paradox appeared and are there ways to resolve it. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

How was the largest meteorite on the planet discovered? Weight, dimensions and composition of the Goba meteorite. Riddles of Goba: where is the crater and the uniqueness of the form. Foundation of the tourist center. Meteorite - double record holder. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The greatness and diversity of the surrounding world can amaze any imagination. All objects and objects surrounding a person, other people, various types of plants and animals, particles that can only be seen with a microscope, as well as incomprehensible star clusters: they are all united by the concept of "Universe". Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Higher School of Economics is a prestigious university, where a huge number of applicants from all over Russia aspire to get into. Its founder, who managed to implement an entirely new type of economic university, was Yaroslav Ivanovich Kuzminov, candidate of economic sciences and well-known public figure. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Classical thermodynamics is based on several postulates (beginnings) that were consistently introduced throughout the 19th century. That is, these provisions are not provable within its framework, they were formulated as a result of generalization of empirical data. The meaning of the second law of thermodynamics is to determine the direction in which processes proceed in macroscopic systems. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article describes the essence of genetic drift and its importance for ensuring hereditary diversity in a population. The main regularities of this process and its connection with migration and natural selection are indicated. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This article contains a description of such a thing as X-ray diffraction. The physical basis of this phenomenon and its application are explained here. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Graphite is a mineral, a stable crystalline modification of carbon. It retains its original properties under standard conditions. The material is refractory, sufficiently dense and has high electrical conductivity. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Polymers are high-molecular compounds, which are characterized by molecular weight from several thousand to many millions. Polymer molecules, called macromolecules, are made up of a large number of repeating units. Due to the large molecular weight of macromolecules, polymers acquire specific properties and are distinguished into a special group of compounds. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The skeleton, which is the axial organ of the musculoskeletal system, contains different types of bones. They differ in form, structure and function. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the work proposed to you, we propose to consider the functions of lysosomes, their purpose. Among some of the destinations, we will highlight the more significant ones and write about them in more detail. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Cells of plants and animals contain a number of structures that ensure their vital functions. One of them is vacuoles. Between themselves, they have a number of significant features. From our article you will learn what vacuoles are and why living organisms need them. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Each cell of a living organism has a complex structure and contains the appropriate structural elements that are responsible for its normal functioning. This article describes the structure of single-membrane organelles, as well as their main functions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On closer examination, the structure of the hand, like any other department of our musculoskeletal system, is quite complex. It is made up of three main structures: bones, muscles, and ligaments that hold the bones together. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system, although not the most distant from the Sun. This giant planet was discovered in the XVIII century. Who discovered it, what are the satellites of Uranus? What is special about this planet?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The variety of bacterial infections requires a clear identification of the pathogen and the definition of its species. To determine the type of microorganism, microbiologists are helped by its tinctorial properties - the susceptibility of the microbe to staining with various dyes. This method allows you to explore the morphology of the pathogen. The tinctorial properties of bacteria are of great importance for practical and theoretical research in the field of microbiology. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The population of Belarus today, according to the statistical committee, is almost nine and a half million people. Among the CIS countries, this is the fifth place after the Russian Federation, Ukraine, as well as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is the genetics of modern Russians? Questions about this do not leave the minds of scientists around the world. It is customary to consider Russian Slavs, therefore, first of all, we will consider the genetic characteristics of the Slavs. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

White planaria is among the representatives of the animal world with an amazing ability to regenerate. This seemingly primitive flatworm is actually very interesting: if you divide the body into several parts, each of them will be restored to an independent individual, ready for reproduction. We offer you to get acquainted with other interesting facts, as well as find out the structural features of this animal. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Plasmolysis is an osmotic process in the cells of plants, fungi and bacteria, associated with their dehydration and retreat of the liquid cytoplasm from the inner surface of the cell membrane with the formation of cavities. This is possible due to the presence of a cell wall, which provides a rigid outer framework. Deplasmolysis is the reverse process. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The structure of the cell remains common to many organisms. This is a cell membrane, cytoplasm with a transport network and organelles. Eukaryotic cells also have a nucleus, while fungi, bacteria, and plants also have a cell wall. It separates the cell from the external environment, while the internal one, where biosynthetic and metabolic processes take place, is protected from adverse conditions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Biologists call the term "transcription" a special stage of the implementation of hereditary information, the essence of which comes down to reading a gene and building a complementary RNA molecule to it. It is an enzymatic process that involves the work of many enzymes and biological mediators. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Protein molecules have a complex structure and consist of amino acids. The latter are the material for the assembly of proteins, which is why any living organism needs their constant replenishment. The main source of amino acids is any dietary protein that must enter the digestive system of the body and break down into elemental components. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01