Science

You can read about what the extrema of a function of one and two variables are in this note in the most simple human language. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

When the word "skeleton" is heard, we usually immediately imagine a bare skull and spine, connected by many different bones. It really is, but not in all organisms on our planet. Many animals have an external skeleton. How it looks and what functions it performs, you will learn further. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Statics is the science of methods for quantifying the force of interaction between bodies. These forces are responsible for maintaining balance, moving bodies or changing their shape. In everyday life, you can see many different examples every day. Movements and changes in shape are critical to the functionality of both man-made and natural objects. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Sociologists distinguish generation X, Y and Z. After reading this article, you will find out which people should be attributed to one or another of them, as well as what are the characteristics of each of this group. Of course, only very conditionally it is possible to single out the generation X, Y, Z. However, each of them has its own characteristic features, in which they differ from each other. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The material outlines the essence of the theoretical assumption that existed among the world community of astrophysicists about the possible existence of a partner star near the Sun. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is an electric field? What physical characteristics of this phenomenon are of interest to us?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In our world, there are a number of concepts that at first glance have a fairly simple interpretation. At the same time, they are used in completely different fields of activity. Depending on the context in which we use them, their meaning is explained. One of these complex and multifaceted terms is "integrity". Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Let's consider the basic properties of ferromagnets, the main branches of their application from the point of view of the laws of physics. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Over the past 50 years, all branches of science have stepped forward rapidly. But after reading many magazines about the nature of magnetism and gravity, one can come to the conclusion that a person has even more questions than he used to. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The concepts that physics operates on are clear to most ordinary people. However, our understanding is usually quite superficial. Let's take a closer look at what impulse is. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Obviously, the nature of our planet is incredibly diverse. Every animal and plant is adapted to its environment. But according to what laws did these same environments develop? What influenced this placement? The answer to this question lies in the main reasons for latitudinal zonality. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The main component of various independently organized systems is irreversibility, which manifests itself in the independent development of systems and their specific direction. These actions are divided into reversible and irreversible processes. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What are periodic oscillations? Definition, basic properties, formulas for calculating the period and frequency. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the article we will consider the types of muscle tissue. This is a very important topic in biology, because everyone should know how our muscles function. They are a complex system, the study of which, we hope, will be interesting for you. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Very often, practitioners mistakenly consider pain in the shoulder joint to be a problem or an injury to this area. In fact, this responds to the trigger point of the muscle that lifts the scapula. It is she who is the key to the problems that need to be worked out. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What was the flora of antiquity? What plants adorned the Earth in those days when there were not only humans, but also dinosaurs? How did the evolution of the world of flora go? These questions will be answered by the fascinating science of paleobotany, with which we propose to get acquainted. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

According to the latest astronomical calculations, the mass of the Earth is 5.97×1024 kilograms. Annual measurements of this value clearly show that it is not constant. However, the expansion of the planet is not worth talking about. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Today we will reveal the essence of the wave nature of light and the phenomenon “degree of polarization” related to this fact. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This article will be devoted to the phenomenon of the precipitation reaction. Here we will consider the features of the formulation of this phenomenon, the phenomenon of diffusion, general characteristics, role in human life and much more. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Every person has their own concept of a free society: freedom of thought, the right to choose, liberation from stereotypes… A society free from the shackles of government and excessive tyranny from the authorities is considered the most desirable in the modern world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Questions that constantly arise when contemplating space objects require answers, and celestial riddles require clues and scientific explanations. Here, for example, what is the difference between an asteroid and a meteorite? Not every student (and even an adult) can immediately answer this question. However, it must be said that watching the night sky is doubly pleasant when its unearthly inhabitants are well known and understandable to you. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

This article is intended for general familiarization with the combustion process. The main attention will be paid to the diversity of the types of this phenomenon. In particular, we will focus on laminar, turbulent, heterogeneous and other types of combustion. Let's talk about fire. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The importance of rubber in the national economy is enormous. But the use of natural rubber in its pure form is a rarity. Most often it is used in the form of rubber. Products made from this material are found in everyday life at every step. This includes wire insulation, the production of shoes and clothing, and car tires, and much more. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Entomology is the science of insects. It originated in the 16th century. It began to improve rapidly, thanks to the development of culture and agriculture. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The process by which a cell can kill itself is called programmed cell death. This mechanism has several varieties and plays an important role in the physiology of various organisms, especially multicellular ones. Apoptosis is the most common and well-studied form of PCD. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

With the increasing complexity of human activity, methods of measuring time also improved. Each interval began to acquire more and more precise meaning. An atomic and ephemeral second, an astronomical hour arose (“How much is this?” You ask. The answer is a little lower). Today, the focus of our attention is the hour, the most commonly used unit of time in everyday life, as well as the clock, without which it is difficult to imagine the modern world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Bodies that make circular motions in physics are usually described using formulas that include angular velocity and angular acceleration, as well as quantities such as moments of rotation, forces and inertia. Let's take a closer look at these concepts in this article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Viscosity coefficient is a key parameter of a working fluid or gas. In physical terms, viscosity can be defined as the internal friction caused by the movement of particles that make up the mass of a liquid (gaseous) medium, or, more simply, the resistance to movement. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

What is the object of the economy? In what sense can this phrase be used? What is their importance?. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Lewis Coser is a popular American and German sociologist. He is known as one of the founders of such a branch of science as the sociology of conflict. His scientific activity is highly valued all over the world. In Russia, the most popular works are: "Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in a Historical and Social Context", "Functions of Social Conflict". Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Any science has its own subject, which is the result of theoretical abstraction, and which allows you to highlight certain patterns of development and functioning of the object. The specificity of sociology is that it studies society. Therefore, let's see how the founders of sociology defined the subject of sociology. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Hierarchy Analysis Method (HAI) is a mathematical tool for a systematic approach to complex decision-making problems. The MAI does not prescribe any “correct” one to the decision maker (DM), but allows him to interactively find such an option ( alternative) that is best consistent with his understanding of the essence of the problem and the requirements for solving it. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The process of space exploration, which practically began in the middle of the 20th century, is usually presented on the positive side as a new stage in the development of scientific and technological knowledge. However, already after the launch of the first satellite, a completely different negative process began in parallel, associated with the clogging of near-Earth orbits. Artificial debris in space poses a lot of threats to both spacecraft and the Earth. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

When studying the behavior of gases in physics, much attention is paid to isoprocesses, that is, such transitions between the states of the system, during which one thermodynamic parameter is preserved. However, there is a gas transition between states, which is not an isoprocess, but which plays an important role in nature and technology. This is an adiabatic process. In this article, we will consider it in more detail, focusing on what the gas adiabatic index is. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thermodynamics is an important branch of physics that studies and describes thermodynamic systems in equilibrium or tending to it. In order to be able to describe the transition from some initial state to a final state using the equations of thermodynamics, it is necessary to make an approximation of a quasi-static process. What is this approximation, and what types of these processes are, we will consider in this article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

General concept of discipline, its subject and tasks. A brief excursion into the history of forensic habitoscopy. Description of general physical, anatomical and functional features of a person's appearance. Display methods. Identification periods and patterns of changes in appearance with age. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

A sound wave is a mechanical longitudinal wave of a certain frequency. In the article we will understand what longitudinal and transverse waves are, why not every mechanical wave is sound. Find out the speed of the wave and the frequencies at which sound occurs. Let's find out if the sound is the same in different environments and learn how to find its speed using the formula. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Human life has been closely intertwined with crime since ancient times. Criminology is the science of criminal activity, the causes and methods of its prevention. The modern development of society and technology helps to better understand the motives, track the consequences and compare the facts of committed crimes. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In thermodynamics, when studying transitions from the initial to the final state of a system, it is important to know the thermal effect of the process. The concept of heat capacity is closely related to this effect. In this article, we consider the question of what is meant by the isochoric heat capacity of a gas. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Cicero's statements about the state are a rarity in history. A philosophically inclined man with political power was born in Arpin in 106 BC. e. His career took place during the twilight of the "sick" Roman Empire. He was a self-proclaimed constitutionalist, but also a dedicated man who wanted peace and harmony above all else. Cicero's natural views on the state have an impact to this day. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01