What was the flora of antiquity? What plants adorned the Earth in those days when there were not only humans, but also dinosaurs? How did the evolution of the world of flora go? These questions will be answered by the fascinating science of paleobotany, with which we propose to get acquainted
Science 2024, November
Very often, practitioners mistakenly consider pain in the shoulder joint to be a problem or an injury to this area. In fact, this responds to the trigger point of the muscle that lifts the scapula. It is she who is the key to the problems that need to be worked out
In the article we will consider the types of muscle tissue. This is a very important topic in biology, because everyone should know how our muscles function. They are a complex system, the study of which, we hope, will be interesting for you
What are periodic oscillations? Definition, basic properties, formulas for calculating the period and frequency
The main component of various independently organized systems is irreversibility, which manifests itself in the independent development of systems and their specific direction. These actions are divided into reversible and irreversible processes
Obviously, the nature of our planet is incredibly diverse. Every animal and plant is adapted to its environment. But according to what laws did these same environments develop? What influenced this placement? The answer to this question lies in the main reasons for latitudinal zonality
The concepts that physics operates on are clear to most ordinary people. However, our understanding is usually quite superficial. Let's take a closer look at what impulse is
Over the past 50 years, all branches of science have stepped forward rapidly. But after reading many magazines about the nature of magnetism and gravity, one can come to the conclusion that a person has even more questions than he used to
Let's consider the basic properties of ferromagnets, the main branches of their application from the point of view of the laws of physics
In our world, there are a number of concepts that at first glance have a fairly simple interpretation. At the same time, they are used in completely different fields of activity. Depending on the context in which we use them, their meaning is explained. One of these complex and multifaceted terms is "integrity"
What is an electric field? What physical characteristics of this phenomenon are of interest to us?
The material outlines the essence of the theoretical assumption that existed among the world community of astrophysicists about the possible existence of a partner star near the Sun
Sociologists distinguish generation X, Y and Z. After reading this article, you will find out which people should be attributed to one or another of them, as well as what are the characteristics of each of this group. Of course, only very conditionally it is possible to single out the generation X, Y, Z. However, each of them has its own characteristic features, in which they differ from each other
Statics is the science of methods for quantifying the force of interaction between bodies. These forces are responsible for maintaining balance, moving bodies or changing their shape. In everyday life, you can see many different examples every day. Movements and changes in shape are critical to the functionality of both man-made and natural objects
When the word "skeleton" is heard, we usually immediately imagine a bare skull and spine, connected by many different bones. It really is, but not in all organisms on our planet. Many animals have an external skeleton. How it looks and what functions it performs, you will learn further
You can read about what the extrema of a function of one and two variables are in this note in the most simple human language
The material proposes a presentation of the main postulates related to parallelism in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries
If we paraphrase the well-known expression "movement is life", it becomes clear that all manifestations of living matter - growth, reproduction, processes of synthesis of nutrients, respiration - are, in fact, the movement of atoms and molecules that make up the cell . Are these processes possible without the participation of energy? Of course not
Even in ancient times, observing the starry sky, people noticed that during the day the sun, and in the night sky - almost all the stars - repeat their path from time to time. This suggested that there were two reasons for this phenomenon. Either the Earth rotates around the Sun against the background of a fixed starry sky, or the sky rotates around the Earth
Feathers are not only decoration for birds. They give warmth, the ability to fly, find a mate during the mating season, hatch offspring and hide from predators. Consider the types of feathers and their structure
Historical study of the concept of elasticity. Modulus of elasticity, or Young's modulus, its definition, physical nature and importance of consideration in the design of structures. Typical values of the physical quantity for wood and metal systems
In this article we will get acquainted with the concept of reservoir pressure (RP). Here questions of its definition, value and a way of operation by the person will be mentioned. The concept of anomalous reservoir pressure, the accuracy of the measuring capabilities of the equipment and some individual concepts related to the dominant in this text will also be touched upon
Today, natural gas is the most important source of energy. All gaseous combustible compounds from the bowels of the earth are odorless, contain many impurities that affect the density of natural gas
The laws of thermodynamics and perpetual motion. Perpetum mobile of the first and second kind. The impossibility of the existence of a perpetual motion machine according to the laws of thermodynamics. The history of the creation of a perpetual motion machine: famous projects. Thought experiments. Is there any hope of creating a perpetual motion machine?
The shape of the human skull in octogenesis undergoes significant changes. During fetal development and in newly born children, the skull is more rounded, due to the fact that the brain is more developed in it and a larger volume of the cranium is required to accommodate it. The shape of the skull changes as the teeth grow and the masticatory muscles become fixed
Reflex is the body's response to internal or external irritation, carried out and controlled by the central nervous system. The first scientists who developed ideas about human behavior, which had previously been a mystery, were our compatriots I.P. Pavlov and I.M. Sechenov
Together with the bones, the muscles are the backbone of the body. In our body, they are present everywhere, even on the head. What muscles exist? What is the main function of facial muscles? Learn more about it further
Today we will talk about such a great scientist as Andreas Vesalius. You will find a photo and biography of him in this article. If you can consider someone the father of anatomy, then, of course, Vesalius. This is a naturalist, creator and founder of modern anatomy. He was one of the first to study the human body through autopsy. It is from him that all later achievements in anatomy originate
The sacral plexus (Latin name - plexus sacralis) is formed by the abdominal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and spinal sacral nerves. Features of the structure and anatomy of the sacral plexus
What is partial discharge and what causes it. The results of the impact of partial discharge on the insulation of power equipment and methods for monitoring the state of its structure
It is possible to use wheels (gears) of various configurations in the planetary mechanism. Suitable standard with straight teeth, helical, worm, chevron. The type of engagement will not affect the general principle of operation of the planetary mechanism. The main thing is that the axes of rotation of the carrier and the central wheels coincide. But the axes of the satellites can be located in other planes (crossing, parallel, intersecting)
Vitamins are organic substances that (mostly) are not synthesized in the human body (or are formed in small quantities), so they are indispensable in the diet. There are 20 known vitamins that affect human he alth. The amount of consumption depends on the sex, age and level of physical activity of the person
The anatomy of the knee joint is quite complex. This articulation in the human body is made up of many parts. The connection takes on the most difficult loads, distributing a weight several times greater than its own
The main periods of the development of life on Earth, a table of the development of life on Earth, climate change and living organisms
Centrifugation is a method of separating various heterogeneous mixtures into separate components. The operation is performed due to the impact on substances by centrifugal force. In what areas of activity resort to this method? For what purpose can it be used? We will talk about this and much more in the presented material
In the modern world, with a wide variety of he althy and unhe althy food presented in supermarket windows, it became necessary to study the effect of certain products on the human body
Natural water is exactly the environment where numerous microorganisms intensively reproduce, and therefore the microflora of water will never cease to be the object of close attention of man. How intensively they reproduce depends on many factors
The universe is constantly expanding, space objects are gradually moving away from us, but not all. Scientists have established the approach of the huge Andromeda galaxy to our Milky Way at a speed of 120 km / s. Projects for the collision of galaxies have already been drawn up
There is hardly a person in our time who has not seen films about Sherlock Holmes or read books about how he deftly and quickly unravels the most complex incidents. Attention to detail and the method of deduction is the main secret of the success of this famous detective. Of course, the way the popular hero A. Conan Doyle builds his conclusions is a real talent and rare skill
An ordinary person who is not associated with chemistry and medicine, as a rule, has a vague idea of the importance of cob alt for his life and he alth. Another reason why we find it difficult to explain what cob alt is is its scarce distribution in nature. Only 0.004% - this is its content in the earth's crust. However, the metal and its compounds are actively used in metallurgy, agriculture and medicine