History

Australopithecines were called primates that lived on the African continent several million years ago. According to some experts, they could be the ancestors of people. This article will talk about the volume of the Australopithecus brain and some other important characteristics of this fossil creature. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

From a tactical point of view, the East Prussian operation of 1914 ended in failure. However, its strategic results were favorable for the Russian Empire and its allies. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The biography of Pitirim Sorokin, one of the greatest sociologists in history, contains all the dramatic events of the first half of the twentieth century. This article will explain why his theories remain relevant today. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

People's tribunes, the Gracchi brothers, attempted to carry out large-scale reforms in Ancient Rome. After the successful implementation of some transformations, they were killed by political opponents. This article will tell about the essence of the reforms of the Gracchi brothers. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Great Embassy of Peter the Great was an important step towards the modernization of Russia. The main goal of the reformer tsar was not to conduct diplomatic negotiations, but to familiarize himself with the technical achievements of European countries. This article will tell about the results of this mission. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Colonath is a form of dependence of the peasant on the landowner that existed in the late Roman Empire. This system became the foundation on which medieval feudalism was formed. This article will talk about the stages of development of the colony. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Many are interested in the origin of the Mordvin people. Their appearance in most cases does not differ from the appearance of their Slavic-speaking neighbors, but they speak the language of a completely different group. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In Soviet times, there was practically no person who would not have heard of Porfiry Korneevich Ivanov. Everyone heard this name, and his works and theories still cause a lot of controversy and discussion. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The goddess Athena is one of the key figures of ancient Greek mythology. Since ancient times, she has been considered the goddess of wisdom, military strategy and just war. Patronizing the arts and artisans, she is considered the inventor of so many things that have survived to this day. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In all states it is customary to reward those people whose most of their lives were devoted to work in government and military structures. In the USSR, to reward military personnel whose service life was 10, 15 or 20 years, medals "For Impeccable Service" were established. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Pharaoh Tutankhamen belongs to the eighteenth dynasty of Egyptian rulers. He reigned from 1347 to 1337 BC. The degree of his relationship with his predecessor Amenhotep IV is still a mystery to scientists. It is possible that the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun was the younger brother of Akhenaten and the son of the latter's father, Amenhotep III. There are those who believe that he was the king's son-in-law. After all, he was not yet ten years old, and he was already married to one of the daughters of Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The ancient Roman Empire was a powerful power that conquered many lands. An important role in the creation of such a large state was played by both monarchs and commanders, who, at the head of their armies, conquered foreign territories. One of the most famous of these generals is Gaius Julius Caesar. His murder is shrouded in many mysteries and secrets, but the only thing that remains unchanged is that his last words were: “And you, Brutus!”. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The cohort is the basic tactical unit of the Roman army. How stubbornly and courageously she fought, the position of the legion in battle depended. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Michael Ironside is a famous actor, screenwriter, film director and producer, who has a large number of feature films and popular television series to his credit. Most of all, the viewer remembers Michael for the roles of tough guys and villains. Ironside knows how to fully get used to his roles and remains in them even after the filming process is over. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The period from 1941 to 1945 was the most difficult in the history of the 20th century for all of Europe. The essence of many events is still not clear. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about an experiment with a jet train set up in the USSR in the 70s. Its purpose was to identify possible problems on the way to the creation and introduction into wide operation of high-speed trains. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Olympic Games are the oldest tradition of uniting popular sports disciplines into a common competition. The article briefly outlines the history of ancient and modern competitions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In a broad sense, the Ancient World is the designation of the very first and longest period in the history of mankind. It captures the period of time from the beginning of the formation of society (800-1000 thousand years before our era) until the appearance of the first feudal formations (the beginning of our era, the first centuries). Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Natural history is a field of research that includes organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants. It relies on observational rather than experimental research methods. A person who studies natural history is called a naturalist or natural historian. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Moscow metro is one of the most convenient, reliable and beautiful in the world. Its 44 stations have the status of masterpieces of architecture and are objects of cultural heritage of regional importance. The history of the Moscow Metro (photos of some stations are presented below) is inextricably linked with the history of our country. This is especially evident when traveling through the stations accompanied by a guide who talks about the symbols contained in the elements decorating the halls. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The political confrontation between such superpowers as the USA and the USSR, which lasted from the mid-40s to the early 90s of the last century, and never developed into a real military conflict, led to the emergence of such a term as the Cold War. Yugoslavia is a former socialist multinational country that began to disintegrate almost simultaneously with the Soviet Union. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Famous historical figures of Russia and the world, who decided the fate of thousands and millions of people, will be described in the article. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The writings of Procopius of Caesarea became the most striking literary monuments of the VI century. At this time, the Byzantine Empire was flourishing and waged wars in different parts of the world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells the story of the long and hard struggle of the revolutionary Mexican General Pancho Villa against the oppressors of the Mexican peasantry. Attention is paid to all stages of the life of a revolutionary. In addition, it tells about the image of the general in popular culture. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Billy the Kid is a killer from the USA at the end of the 19th century. He became famous thanks to a book of memoirs written by Sheriff Pat Garrett after his arrest and murder. Today Billy the Kid is one of the symbols of the Wild West. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The well, located on the territory of the Kola Peninsula, occupies the first positions in the list of "Super-deep wells of the world". It was drilled to study the structure of deep earth rocks. Unlike other existing wells on the planet, this one was drilled exclusively from a research point of view and was not used to extract useful resources. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Pope John XXIII was named the "Pope of the World", the most legendary figure of the 20th century, the initiator of the Second Vatican Council. The pontiff was the first to take steps towards the unity of all Christians, calling to follow the ideals of peace and mutual assistance, and not dead traditions and canons. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

One of the most important stages of the military operation carried out in Belarus in 1944 was the liberation of Minsk from Nazi invaders. Its goal was not only the encirclement, but also the complete destruction of the largest Wehrmacht grouping located in the area. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Valery Khodemchuk, who fulfilled his civic duty to the end, is the only employee of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant who died directly in the 4th power unit, where he found a grave under one hundred and thirty tons of concrete blockages. Who was this man and how was his fate? And which of his friends became victims of a terrible accident on the tragic day of April 26?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Today, there are many versions and misconceptions among some people about who was sold Alaska. Before dealing with this issue, it is necessary to clarify what this land was and where it was located. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

There are many memorable places on earth. Some of them are filled with positive energy, others are reminiscent of the terrible and cruel events of the past. The River Somme is the site of one of the bloodiest battles in the wars fought by mankind. The battle caused more than a million deaths and injuries. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

"And apple trees will bloom on Mars", - the youth of the Soviet Union dreamed and believed in the future. But before you take on the conquest of other planets, you should put your own in order. The drought and famine of the forties pushed the government of the USSR to the idea that the nature of the country needs to be controlled and transformed. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Glorious biography of General Melnikov in Ulyanovsk is known to many. The memory of him is still alive, and the exploits are not forgotten. And not casually. The general went through the entire war, participated in the capture of Berlin, and after the war he successfully headed military tank schools, first in Ulyanovsk, and then in Saratov. He was a wonderful military man and leader, even in the photo of General Melnikov it is difficult to imagine without a military uniform. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Stolbovsky peace with Sweden in 1617 was the final chord of the Russian-Swedish war, which lasted more than five years. The negotiations themselves went on for several months - neither Russia nor Sweden wanted to compromise on their demands. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Tula submarine (project 667BDRM) is a nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser, called Delta-IV in NATO terminology. It belongs to the Dolphin project and is a representative of the second generation of submarines. Despite the fact that the production of boats began back in 1975, they are in service and are ready to compete with more modern submarines to this day. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Marshal's baton - a symbol of distinction awarded for special achievements and valor. During the existence of the award, it has undergone almost no external changes. The criteria by which the award was awarded have not changed either - the baton was awarded to the military, commanders, who brought victory to the country with their talents. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On January 10, 1951, an important event happened in Leningrad that determined the fate of the Soviet Navy. On this day, at the shipyard, now bearing the proud name "Admir alty Shipyards", the first lead diesel-electric submarine of a new model, called "Project 611", was laid down. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The fall of the Novogeorgievskaya fortress was one of the most serious failures of the Russian army in the entire history of the Russian Empire. On August 20, 1915, the first-class fortress, equipped with the best artillery, ammunition, fodder, fell under the onslaught of a group of opponents half as much as its own garrison. The unprecedented defeat and surrender of the fortress still causes ardent indignation in the hearts of everyone who is familiar with its history. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Compass can be safely included in the list of the greatest discoveries of mankind. Thanks to him, cartography was later created, which allowed a person to learn about new habitats. It is to the compass that we owe the discovery of America. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Apple is an amazing company whose story is very interesting and worthy of being taken as the basis for some action movie. So, in principle, they do at the present time. Let's take a closer look at how Apple got such a global reputation. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01