Forests are essential in human life. They not only form the parameters of the air environment necessary for life, but also act as a source of a valuable resource - wood. And that's not to mention the role the forest plays in the overall ecosystem. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Science
The average person's knowledge of the cosmos is rather superficial. Usually limited to the Sun, Moon, major planets and stars at night. And, of course, everyone knows that all space objects have an orbit and rotate. They move in a circle, which, however, with surprises. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Gravity collapse is the last stage of stellar evolution. Its consequence could be the formation of a neutron star or a black hole. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The starry sky is mesmerizing. Although today the pleasure of seeing the Milky Way is very difficult - the dustiness of the atmosphere, especially in cities, significantly reduces the ability to see a star in the night sky. That is why a trip to the astronomical observatory becomes a revelation for the layman. And the stars again begin to instill hopes and dreams in a person. There are about 60 observatories in Russia, the most important ones will be discussed in this article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
There are hysteresis magnetic, ferroelectric, dynamic, elastic. It is also found in biology, soil science, economics. Moreover, the essence of this definition is almost the same. But the article will focus on the magnetic, you will learn more about this phenomenon, what it depends on and when it manifests itself. This phenomenon is studied in universities with a technical focus, it is not included in the school curriculum, so not everyone knows about it. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
The beautiful and mysterious Moon excited the minds of ancient thinkers long before the advent of modern astronomy. Even then, people began to understand how the influence of the moon on the earth is expressed. So, already in the period of Antiquity, the relationship between the cycle of the night star and the tides was noticed. Today, science knows almost everything about the impact of the moon on our planet. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Where was the great mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange born? How did his acquaintance with science begin, how did his career proceed? Answers to questions - in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The word "demography" was formed from the words "demos" and "grapho". Translated from Greek, they mean "people" and "I write" respectively. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Throughout the long history of science, ideas about heredity and variability have changed. Even in the time of Hippocrates and Aristotle, people tried to conduct breeding, trying to bring out new types of animals, plant varieties. When carrying out such work, a person learned to rely on the biological patterns of inheritance, but only intuitively. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The chromosome theory of heredity, or Morgan's chromosome theory, as it is also called, has become a key to the development of all modern genetics. Morgan's famous fruit fly experiments elucidated complex phenomena such as linked inheritance and crossing over. Learn more about this theory, its main provisions and features. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The article describes such a substance as nitrobenzene. Particular attention is paid to its chemical properties. Methods for its production (both in industry and in the laboratory), toxicology, structural formula. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The article describes such a substance as hydrogen chloride, and its aqueous solution - hydrochloric acid. The chemical and physical properties, methods of obtaining it in industry and laboratory, as well as safety precautions when working with it are analyzed in detail. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The article describes such an organic substance as aniline. Such aspects as obtaining aniline, its physical and chemical properties are disclosed in detail. A little is told about its poisoning effect and help in case of intoxication. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Coal is a fairly complex substance from a chemical point of view. In fact, it does not consist of one substance, but of a whole multitude. But there are several types of coals, so their composition will be very different. This article describes the composition of each type of fossil coal, as well as charcoal and activated carbon. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Are there many chemically pure substances in nature? What is sea water, milk, steel wire - individual substances, or do they consist of several components? In our article, we will get acquainted with the properties of solutions - the most common physico-chemical systems that have a variable composition. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The article discusses such a phenomenon as the parade of planets, and its influence on the fate, character and other traits of a person. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose: description of the chemical compound, empirical and structural formulas. Methods for obtaining a substance. Physicochemical characteristics. Applications, impact on the human and animal body, hazard class. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
The biography of Democritus is very curious. The summary of his works is no less interesting. If you have not met this thinker yet, we invite you to do so. Democritus is an ancient Greek philosopher whose years of life are from about 460 to 360 BC. e. He is known for being the founder of the atomistic doctrine. According to Democritus, only emptiness and atoms exist in the world. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Strontium (Sr) is a chemical element, an alkaline earth metal of the 2nd group of the periodic table. Used in red signal lights, phosphors and poses a major he alth hazard in radioactive contamination. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Since the formation of the globe, the base of the surface has been constantly in motion. The earth's crust, when moving, can lead to terrible consequences in the form of such a phenomenon as an earthquake. When one plate crawls onto another, the internal stress of the continental crust accumulates; when passing through a critical point, the accumulated energy is released, causing terrible destruction. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The name of Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov is inscribed in golden letters in the history of world mathematics. The scientist made a significant contribution to the analytical theory of numbers and created the method of trigonometric sums. He is the only mathematician in Russia, in whose honor a memorial museum was organized during his lifetime. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Nothing immerses you in the atmosphere of the Middle Ages like bright panels of coats of arms. Want to know more about them? Then get ready to figure out what heraldry is. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Gold. This mysterious and alluring metal has occupied the souls and minds of mankind since ancient times. All known civilizations revered gold, extolling it as something divine. Why is metal so attractive? What caused its boundless popularity?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Carbohydrates are an extensive group of organic substances that, together with proteins and fats, form the basis of the human and animal body. The totality of all reactions for the breakdown of food carbohydrates to glucose and the synthesis of new molecules from it, as well as other numerous transformations of these substances in the body, is called carbohydrate metabolism in biochemistry. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The article gives the formula of isopropanol, describes the physical and chemical properties. The fact of high boiling point and solubility in water is explained by the presence of hydrogen bonds. The main physical characteristics of the substance are given. The reactions of obtaining isopropanol are given, the volumes and enterprises of production in Russia are indicated. The options for using the substance in various areas of the national economy are considered in detail. Briefly describe the harm of the substance. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
Quantitative analysis is a large section of analytical chemistry that allows you to determine the quantitative (molecular or elemental) composition of an object. It is used to determine the composition of ores (to assess the degree of their purification), the composition of soils, plant objects. In ecology, quantitative analysis methods determine the content of toxins in water, air, and soil. In medicine, it is used to detect counterfeit medicines. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
The characteristic of the nitrite ion is given. The physical and chemical properties of nitrites, including redox ones, are described. Methods for the qualitative detection of nitrite ions and their quantitative determination by photometry with sulfanilic acid are presented. Examples of obtaining nitrites are given. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
The article discusses in detail the chemical structure of the amino acid cysteine. Several options for writing the structural formula of a substance are presented. Two schemes for the formation of tripeptides with the participation of cysteine are presented. Attention is paid to the thiol group. The synthesis of cysteine from methionine is considered. A table of foods with a high content of the substance is given. The biological role of cysteine is described. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The article provides an explanation of the ferro-, para- and diamagnetic properties of metals based on the structure of the atom and the compensation of magnetic moments. The main patterns of change in the magnetic properties of elements depending on the element's serial number are indicated. Examples of ferro-, para- and diamagnets are given. A list of metals that are not attracted to magnets in everyday life is given. Examples of alloys that are attracted and not attracted to magnets are considered. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Aldehydes are organic substances that contain a carbonyl group >C=O bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Aldehydes, as well as ketones similar in structure and properties, are called carbonyl, or oxo compounds. Examples of aldehydes - formic, acetic, propionic aldehyde. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
The article briefly describes the structure of the atom and the nucleus of elements. Examples are given for determining the number of electrons, protons, neutrons, and the nuclear charge based on the ordinal number of the element. the difference between absolute, relative atomic mass and mass number is indicated. Examples of problems are given in the solution of which the mass number is used. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
When solving statistical problems and testing hypotheses, we usually ask ourselves which method of analyzing statistical data to use. The article describes the Student's t-test, which is used to determine the probable difference, in particular, between two sets of data. We hope that after reading the article you will decide which method is needed to solve your particular problem. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
The scientific method is a system of categories, values, regulatory principles, justification methods, samples that guide the scientific community in its activities. It includes ways to study phenomena, systematization, correction of new and previously acquired knowledge. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06
What is color temperature? This is the source of light, which is the radiation of an ideal black body. It exudes certain shades, which is comparable to a light source. Color temperature is a characteristic of the visible beam that has important applications in lighting, photography, videography, publishing, manufacturing, astrophysics, horticulture, and more. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Warning! This article is informational, popular science and humorous and entertaining! Alas, although it is now possible to create gold from lead, this process is very capacious and leads to insignificant results. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Mössbauer spectroscopy is a technique based on an effect discovered by Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer in 1958. The peculiarity is that the method consists in the return of resonant absorption and emission of gamma rays in solids. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Nowadays, we cannot imagine life without technology. Indeed, now everyone in the house has electricity, gas, but how often do we think about what kind of brilliant scientists invented all this? Great chemists, mathematicians, physicists, including the inventor of the light bulb Nikola Tesla, gave this world a new image thanks to their discoveries. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
In the bowels of our planet, various processes are constantly taking place, which are called endogenous. Such processes are caused by the thermal energy of the mantle and the earth's crust. Energy sources are the decay of radioactive elements and the gravitational differentiation of mantle rocks. These processes cause phenomena such as earthquakes, the appearance and development of islands, oceanic depressions and mountain ranges. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
Circular motion or rotational movement of solids is one of the important processes that are studied by the branches of physics - dynamics and kinematics. We will devote this article to the consideration of the question of how the angular acceleration is measured, which appears during the rotation of bodies. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01
What does the word "consistency" mean? What is the lexical meaning of this noun? The article provides an interpretation of the word "consistency", its etymology is indicated. Synonyms mentioned. To consolidate the material, examples of sentences are given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01