The southern hemisphere is saturated with a large number of bright stars. Canis Major is a relatively small (which contrasts with the name), but very interesting constellation located in the Southern Hemisphere. The brightness of this constellation is such that it emits light more than twenty times stronger than our Sun. The distance from planet Earth to Canis Major is eight and a half million light years
Science 2024, November
Lyudmila Verbitskaya is a person who worked all his life so that people could speak correctly and beautifully. The life of an influential and active woman began in a children's colony
In the history of world science, it is difficult to find a scientist of the same magnitude as Albert Einstein. However, his path to fame and recognition was not easy. Suffice it to say that Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize only after he was unsuccessfully nominated for it more than 10 times
The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with proteins, ion channels and receptor molecules built into its thickness. This is a mechanical barrier that separates the cytoplasm of the cell from the pericellular space, at the same time being the only connection with the external environment. Therefore, the plasmolemma is one of the most important structures of the cell, and its functions allow it to exist and interact with other cell groups
Microscope is a unique device designed to magnify microimages and measure the size of objects or structural formations observed through a lens. This development is amazing, and the importance of the invention of the microscope is extremely great, because without it some areas of modern science would not exist. And from here in more detail
In biology, to describe a certain organism that belongs to the kingdoms of animals, fungi or plants, its own nomenclature has been developed
Man is surrounded by a habitat, certain components of which we are unable to see. And since, in addition to humans and animals, there is also a microcosm that directly or indirectly affects the entire environment, it needs to be studied. A science whose methods and goals are aimed at studying living microorganisms, the patterns of their development and life, as well as the features of interaction with nature and directly with humans, is microbiology
An erythrocyte is a blood cell that is capable of transporting oxygen to the tissues due to hemoglobin, and carbon dioxide to the lungs. This is a cell of simple structure, which is of great importance for the life of mammals and other animals
This article defines such a concept as murein. The composition and structure of this substance is described. The classification of the types of this biopolymer is given
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies thermal energy and the principles of its distribution throughout the volume of a substance or a certain medium. This discipline is based on some general universal principles and uses the experience of many other sciences. Thermodynamic equilibrium is the cornerstone of this area of scientific knowledge
Venus, whose diameter is 95% of the diameter of our planet, constantly moves in the middle of the earth's orbit and may be between the Sun and the Earth
Mathematics is a complex science associated with many discoveries and significant names. Which of them should everyone know?
The article compares the characteristics of the planets of the solar system and some planets that have been discovered outside our planetary system, the so-called exoplanets, and briefly discusses the possibility of life on these cosmic bodies
In sociology, a clear classification of all objects and phenomena found in society has been adopted. Typology is several types of social structure that are united by similar phenomena or selection criteria. In this article we will talk about the typology of theories of the development of society, as well as their diversity, features and distinctive features
Metals: general characteristics, properties. Alkaline, alkaline earth, transition metals, their characteristics. Alloys, concept and properties
The study of this section of mathematics begins with the simplest formulas for addition and multiplication of probabilities. Possessing this knowledge, the student can already perform complex combined operations
Humanity has almost four million years behind us, and during this time we have achieved an understanding of the movement of tectonic plates, learned how to predict the weather and mastered outer space. But our planet is still fraught with many secrets and mysteries. One of the mysteries associated with global warming and catastrophe theory is the precession of the planet's axis
The value is considered to be the internal, mastered at the emotional level of the subject, the landmark of his own activity. The axiological approach is substantively conditioned both historically and socially
People have been watching the sky and its phenomena for thousands of years. They "invented" the first constellations in ancient times. However, there was no single answer to the question of how many constellations exist until the 20th century. Let's answer it, and at the same time talk about one of them
Man happens to observe the behavior of animals, trying to understand and decipher their language. There is a special science of animal behavior. About it and about the objects of its study will be discussed in the article
Today we will talk about Lebedev's experiment in proving the pressure of light photons. We will reveal the importance of this discovery and the background that led to it
The modern way to travel the universe. The principle of operation of a solar sail, the history of its creation and structure - further in the article
John Napier is a Scottish mathematician, writer and theologian. Gained fame for creating the concept of logarithms as a mathematical tool to help in calculations
The planetary model of the atom is a theoretical justification for the structure of this elementary particle, according to which in the center of the atom there is a nucleus with protons, the charge of which has a positive value, and electrically neutral neutrons, and around the nucleus, at a considerable distance from it, in orbits moving negatively charged electrons
This article talks about what energy quantization is and what significance this phenomenon has for modern science. The history of the discovery of the discreteness of energy is given, as well as the areas of application of the quantization of atoms
Coming from a poor working-class family, George Buhl was born at the wrong time, in the wrong place, and definitely in the wrong social class. He had no chance to grow up as a mathematical genius, but he became one, against all odds
The main quantum number in modern physics is usually called a quantitative indicator, according to which a given state of an electron is attributed to a certain energy level
What can psychology, linguistics, the doctrine of artificial intelligence and the theory of knowledge have in common? All of the above are successfully combined by cognitive science. This interdisciplinary direction is engaged in the study of cognitive and mental processes occurring in the brain of humans and animals
Danish physicist Bor Niels was one of the founders of modern physics, an outstanding scientist and public figure. The article will consider his biography and main scientific research
One of the most common metals on Earth is aluminum. It is also called "flying metal". Although it is not found in nature in its pure form, it can be found in many minerals. And the most common alloy, which is used for the production of many parts and structures, is duralumin (duralumin)
This article discusses the mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. The features of halogenation and hydrohalogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons are analyzed in more detail. In addition, the material tells about regioselectivity in the interaction of asymmetric molecules, the influence of electron-donor and electron-withdrawing substituents on the formation of the final reaction product
The article discusses the main groups of hydrocarbons that make up oils: paraffins, naphthenes, arenes. Formulas of examples of hydrocarbons of all groups and chromatograms of mixtures of paraffins are given. Methods for studying the composition of oil are described. The sources of oil hydrocarbons are considered. The concept of relic and converted hydrocarbons is given
Knowing the definitions in physics is a key factor for successfully solving various physical problems. In the article, we consider what is meant by isobaric, isochoric, isothermal and adiabatic processes for an ideal gas system
The concept of "movement" is not as easy to define as it might seem. But for a mathematician, everything is much easier. In this science, any movement of the body is expressed by the equation of motion, written using variables and numbers
The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope is scheduled for October 2018 on an Ariane-5 rocket. Not only does the team stick to the schedule, they have nine months left to account for all contingencies and have everything packed and ready for that date
Adiabatic transition between two states in gases is not one of the isoprocesses, however, it plays an important role not only in various technological processes, but also in nature. In this article, we will consider what this process is, and also give the adiabatic equations for an ideal gas
The educational environment is the totality of all opportunities for learning, upbringing and personal development. The information environment is the world of information around a person, the world of his information activity. The difference between the modern information society and the school information and educational environment (hereinafter IEE), which should correspond to this society, is that they are based on the use of information and communication technologies
The natural phenomena and processes around us are quite complex. For their exact physical description, a cumbersome mathematical apparatus should be used and a large number of significant factors should be taken into account. To avoid this problem, some simplified models are used in physics, which greatly facilitate the mathematical analysis of the process, but practically do not affect the accuracy of its description. One of them is the ideal gas model. Let's take a closer look at it in the article
Bertrand's paradox is a problem in the classical interpretation of probability theory. Joseph introduced it in his work Calcul des probabilités (1889) as an example to show that probabilities cannot be well defined if a mechanism or method produces a random variable
Principles of Pedagogical Technology is a learning and ethical practice. It promotes engagement and efficiency by creating, using and managing appropriate processes and resources. Educational technology is the use of both physical equipment and educational theories. They cover several areas. Including computer cognition, online learning and the process where mobile technologies are used