Science

Do you know who discovered radioactivity? In this article we will talk about the scientist to whom this merit belongs. Antoine Henri Becquerel - French physicist, Nobel laureate. It was he who discovered the radioactivity of uranium s alts in 1896. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Modern experimental studies have established that the cell is the most complex structural and functional unit of almost all living organisms, with the exception of viruses, which are non-cellular life forms. Cytology studies the structure, as well as the vital activity of the cell: respiration, nutrition, reproduction, growth. These processes will be considered in this paper. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Lipids play an extremely important role for the normal functioning of the human body. The article describes their main biological functions, as well as pathologies arising from disorders of fat metabolism. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

A large number of organic substances that make up a living cell are characterized by large molecular sizes and are biopolymers. These include proteins, which make up from 50 to 80% of the dry mass of the entire cell. Protein monomers are amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. Protein macromolecules have several levels of organization and perform a number of important functions in the cell: building, protective, catalytic, motor, etc. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Fumaric acid: description of the compound, location in nature. Participation in biochemical processes. Chemical and physical properties. Methods for obtaining a substance. Application in various branches of human activity. He alth benefits and harms. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The chemical structure of substances is important for understanding the nature of man and his relationship with the outside world. In addition, understanding this issue allows you to achieve success in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Everyone who is engaged in science or is simply interested in chemistry will be interested to know what an indicator is. Many people came across this concept in chemistry lessons, but school teachers did not give exhaustive explanations about the principle of action of such substances. Why do indicators change color in solutions? What else are they used for? Let's try to answer these questions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Nuclear pores: description, structure and functions they perform. Features of this intracellular structure. Factors on which the number of pores in the membrane depends. Mitosis process. Mechanism of export and import of substances through nuclear pore complexes. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

To date, almost all metals and their alloys known to man have found practical application. Each of them has its own specific features, which determine the scope of their use in various industries. The most widespread are iron and all kinds of compounds based on it, as well as aluminum and its alloys. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Biochemistry is the science of the chemical processes that take place in all living organisms. The following aspects will be considered in the article: the study of biochemistry in Russia; biochemistry and physiology of plants; essence of biochemistry; methods of study and sections of this science. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Most people, after acquiring a land plot, plan to build a country house, a trading establishment or a building of a certain functional purpose on it in the future. What documents are needed for such a transaction? First of all, a plan with the size, location of buildings and communications, both ground and underground. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Many substitution reactions open the way to obtaining various compounds of practical importance. A huge role in chemical science and industry is given to electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution. In organic synthesis, these processes have a number of differences related to the structural features of molecules. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The force of gravity is the most important physical quantity that explains many processes occurring both on our planet and in the surrounding outer space. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Carbohydrates monosaccharides are easily digestible substances that are very important in the human diet. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Physiology as a science: subject, object of study. Methods of physiology. Physiology of man and plants. Pathological physiology - research methods, general concept. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Since viruses do not belong to the cellular form of life, the term "virion" is used as a designation for a discrete viral particle. This concept was introduced in 1962 by the Frenchman Andre Lvov. The virus does not exist in this form permanently, but only at a certain stage of its life cycle. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In 1900, one of the greatest scientists of the last century, David Hilbert, compiled a list of 23 unsolved problems in mathematics. Work on them had a tremendous impact on the development of this area of human knowledge. 100 years later, the Clay Mathematical Institute presented a list of 7 problems known as the Millennium Problems. Each of them was offered a prize of $1 million. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The term "microscope" has Greek roots. It consists of two words, which in translation mean "small" and "look." The main role of the microscope is its use when examining very small objects. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Adobe Illustrator is software that allows you to create graphics for a variety of purposes. When working in the program and some other graphic editors, you often need to draw with the Pen tool, creating paths. The pen is an instrument that takes some time to get used to. For beginners, the process of creating and manipulating anchor or anchor points can be especially difficult. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

There are many theories about how the world came to be. Since ancient times, this has worried the minds of people. Georges Buffon was among the first to present the hypothesis of the emergence of the human world. In doing so, he opened the door for the further development of mankind. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The temporary organs formed in a certain period of individual development in the larvae of multicellular animals and embryos are called provisional organs. In mammals and humans, they function only at the stage of the embryo and perform both the basic functions of the body and specific ones. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article describes the features of the laying of germ layers during embryonic development, indicates the features of ento-, ecto- and mesoderm, and also mentions the law of germ similarity. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Throughout the history of life on Earth, organisms have been constantly exposed to cosmic rays and the radionuclides formed by them in the atmosphere, as well as radiation from substances ubiquitous in nature. Modern life has adapted to all the features and limitations of the environment, including natural sources of X-ray radiation. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

We all know that carbohydrates are an important component of nutrition. But not everyone understands what these substances contain, what they are and what functions they perform. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Formic aldehyde, or formaldehyde, is a colorless gas with a sharp, unpleasant, specific odor. It is highly soluble in water as well as alcohols. Formaldehyde is very toxic and can cause pathological changes in the human body. In addition, it is considered a carcinogen. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Genetics is a science that studies the patterns of transmission of traits from parent to offspring. This discipline also considers their properties and ability to change. At the same time, special structures - genes - act as information carriers. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Each cell of the human body is unique. And this individuality is provided by proteins. What are proteins? They are also called proteins. They are champions in the complexity of the molecules that make up the protein substance itself. Especially a lot of proteins in hair, skin, bones, nails and muscle tissue. But that's not all, proteins are part of hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies, enzymes, and an oxygen carrier called hemoglobin. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is the rectum. Its functions. The length of the rectum in adults and children. Diseases and defects of the rectum. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The chemical reaction equation is a schematic record of the entire complex process of the formation of new substances through decomposition, combination, substitution and exchange. It also provides qualitative and quantitative information about reactants and reaction products. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Cell is a structural unit of all life on our planet and an open system. This means that its life requires a constant exchange of matter and energy with the environment. This exchange is carried out through the membrane - the main border of the cell, which is designed to preserve its integrity. It is through the membrane that cellular metabolism is carried out and it goes either along the concentration gradient of a substance, or against it. Active transport across the cytoplasmic membrane is a complex process. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article deals with one of the most closed and interesting corners located near the capital of the Russian Federation - Star City. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Not all people know what chitin is. Few still remember information about this element from biology lessons. Where does it occur in nature? Why is the body needed? The answers to these questions are presented in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

There are 2 poles in the eyeball: posterior and anterior. The distance between them averages 24 mm. It is the largest size of the eyeball. The bulk of the latter is the inner core. This is transparent content that is surrounded by three shells. It consists of aqueous humor, lens and vitreous body. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

All biochemical reactions occurring in the body are subject to specific control, which is carried out through an activating or inhibitory effect on regulatory enzymes. The latter are usually located at the beginning of chains of metabolic transformations and either start a multi-stage process or slow it down. Some single reactions are also subject to regulation. Competitive inhibition is one of the main mechanisms for controlling the catalytic activity of enzymes. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Acid-base balance plays a huge role in the normal functioning of the human body. The blood circulating in the body is a mixture of living cells that are in a liquid habitat. The first line of protection that controls the level of pH in the blood is the buffer system. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Systems thinking is one of the new modern terms used by many managers, psychologists, personal growth coaches and other coaches. Its level illustrates the speed and quality of decision-making, so this indicator is studied at the time of hiring as an important characteristic of a future employee. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The International Space Station is the result of the joint work of specialists from a number of fields from sixteen countries of the world (Russia, USA, Canada, Japan, states that are members of the European Commonwe alth). The grandiose project, which in 2013 celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of the start of its implementation, embodies all the achievements of the technical thought of our time. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Special methods of scientific research are a way of knowing the objective reality. This method involves a certain sequence of techniques, actions, operations. Taking into account the content of the objects under consideration, methods of social and humanitarian research and natural science are distinguished. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The forensic methodology for investigating crimes is a set of scientific concepts and recommendations formulated on their basis for law enforcement officers who carry out the disclosure and suppression of criminally punishable acts of a certain category. Let's consider it in more detail. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Forensic science is the science of technical means, tactics and methods used to perform the actions provided for by the criminal procedure law to detect, collect, fix, research, evaluate and use evidence in order to detect and prevent crimes. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01